Disaster Risk Reduction

General concepts
UB LI C OF M ACEDO N
R EP IA
RESC
D

UE
TECTION AN

DIRECTORAT
RO
P E

Vlatko Jovanovski,MDMa
Protection and Rescue Directorate
ul.Vasko Karangeleski 8, 1000 Skopje
vlatko.jovanovski@dzs.gov.mk
+389 75 457 538
Content
• Disaster risk reduction
– Evolution
– Core elements
• DRR challenges
– Climate change
– Urbanization
– Information management
• Conclusion
DRR a moving agenda
International United Nations Global Platform
Decade on International for DRR
Natural Disaster Strategy for
Reduction Disaster
Reduction
(UNISDR)

1990-1999 2000 2007

1994 2005

Yokohama World Conference

Strategy – World on Disaster Risk
Conference on Reduction - Kobe
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Hyogo Framework for Action
2005 - 2015
• Make DRR national priority;
• Identification, assessment and monitoring
of disaster risks;
• Using knowledge and innovation for DRR;
• Reducing underlying factors and
• Strengthening preparedness capacities.
DRR definition
“The conceptual framework of elements
considered with the possibilities to minimize
vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a
society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit
(mitigation and preparedness) the adverse
impacts of hazards, within the broad context of
sustainable development.”

Source UNISDR,2009
Disasters as social constructions

Pakistan floods, 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2010

Hurricane Katrina, 2005 Great East Japan earthquake,2010

Iceland volcanic erruption,2010
Conceptual framework for DM
Disaster Management (DM)

Disaster Risk Reduction Resp Rec.

Risk Prevention Mitigation Preparedness

Assessment

Risk Risk
Analysis Eval.

Sustainable development
Another Risk Model
Concept of Risk

Risk(R)

HAZARD(H)

VULNERABILITY(V)

DISASTE
R
Modified from C.Wamsler, Lund
Univerisity 2012
Risk Assessment
• Answers the questions:
– What can happen?
– How likely is that to happen?
– What will the consequences be?
• Challenges
– Risk perception
– Time
– Agent
– Multi-hazard
Risk assessment products

Yes
Scenario 1

Early warning
Large
system
successful?

Scenario 2
Geographic No
Tsunami
extent Yes
Scenario 3

Early warning
system
Small
successful?

Scenario 4
No
Risk assessment outcomes

Source:I.Davis,2012
Challenges
• Urbanization
– More than half of the world’s current population lives in cities
– By the year 2015 there are expected to be 60 megacities in the
world, each with a population of 10 million or more people
– High concentrations of resources and people within cities also
mean that the economic social, and environmental costs of
extreme events are high in urban areas

,
Challenges
• Climate change
– increase the frequency and magnitude of
many types of extreme events, including
floods, droughts, tropical cyclones and
wildfires
– change the nature of many types of hazards
– may lead to relocation within and between
countries
Challenges
• Digital era
– Number of cell phone users is bigger than the
total world population
– Use of social media in disaster management
“The difficulty in securing and
maintaining resources for disaster
risk reduction is that if it is
successful, nothing happens and
nobody knows about it”

John Tomblin,1988