Understanding Basic

Concepts in DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines
( DRRNetphils)
The Philippines – a disaster risk epicenter
• Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic hazards
NDCC
 PHILIPPINE
SEISMICITY
Magnitude 4 or greater

1907 - present
DESTRUCTIVE
EARTHQUAKES
OF THE PHILIPPINES
 HAZARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Typhoons
• Floods / Storm Surges
• Landslides
• Tsunami
• Drought
• Earthquakes
• Epidemics
• Agricultural (Infestations )
 REASONS WHY PHILIPPINES IS
PRONE TO HAZARDS
• Archipelagic nature of the Philippine coastal areas -
increases susceptibility to storm surges, tsunamis
and sea level changes.
• Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic hazards
• Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean –
monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La
Niña
• Floods are common due to rains brought by
typhoons and the monsoon.
• Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean –
monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La
Niña
 NORTHEAST
MONSOON
(AMIHAN)

TROPICAL
CYCLONE

L
L L
L
SOUTHWEST INTERTROPICAL
MONSOON CONVERGENCE
(HABAGAT) ZONE
 Vulnerability in
Southeast Asia
• A January 2009 mapping study done by Dr.
Arief Anshory Yusuf and Dr. Herminia
Francisco of the Singapore-based Economy
and Environment Program for Southeast
Asia shows the vulnerability of Southeast
Asia alone shows alarming trends.
Millions of Filipinos are at risk.
• The Philippines ranks number one in the
whole world in terms of number of
reported disaster events within 2009.

• In 2009 the Philippines ranked second in

terms of population affected by natural
disasters and third in the world in terms of
number of people killed. (Source: CRED EM Data,
Human Impact of Disasters, 2009).
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Disaster Risk Management
• a range of activities that contribute to
increasing capacities and reducing immediate
and long-term vulnerabilities to prevent or at
least minimize damaging impact in a
community
Disaster Risk Management Activities
a) Before the disaster
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Preparedness

b) During the disaster – emergency reliefs and responses

c) After the disaster

• Recovery: rehabilitation and reconstruction
• “Building back better than before.”
Disaster Risk Reduction
• It is a proactive approach to minimize vulnerabilities and
disaster risks to minimize loss of life, livelihood and property.

• DRR incorporates aspects of good governance, sustainable

development, risk (natural; human; and climate risks)
assessments, knowledge and education, risk management,
vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and response –
guided by principles of human rights and security, gender
equity and equality, cultural sensitivity and empowering
participation.

• It has been said that every $1 spent on risk reduction saves

between $5 and $10 in economic losses from disasters (
Eric Schwartz (UN Deputy Secretary General)).  
DRRM Framework
 Traditional Disaster Cycle
Mitigation, Prevention, and Short-Term Response
Preparedness Search & Rescue
Formation & training of Disaster Emergency Food and

local disaster committees Water

Early Warning Systems Temporary Shelter
Engineering Mitigation Bridges
Evacuation Routes
Risk Mapping

The Emergency
Pre-Disaster Natural Phase
Phase Disaster Cycle

Reconstruction Rehabilitation
Long-Term Response
Road reconstruction Medium-Term Response
Social infrastructure Transitional Housing

reconstruction Provisional Social Services

Resumption of Production Road Clearing

Income Generation
Water System

Rehabilitation
 Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework

Conceptual Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR

 NOON DAPAT NGAYON

Disasters are unforeseen events Disasters can be prevented. We can prepare to

which cannot be prevented.
Stress is on emergency
response and recovery
People affected by disasters are
helpless victims and passive
recipients of external aid.
avoid and reduce damage and loss.
Stress is on disaster risk reduction &
management activities before the disaster – on
prevention, mitigation & preparedness
•People affected by disasters are active actors
in reducing their vulnerabilities, in emergency
response and rebuilding their lives and
livelihood.
•People’s existing capacities are used and
strengthened to reduce disaster risk and
vulnerabilities

Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

 NOON DAPAT NGAYON

Disaster management is the sole •Recognition of the importance of community

responsibility of the NDCC, participation. Disaster risk management is
local DCCs and specialists such everybody’s responsibility.
as the scientist, economist, social •Stress on building capacity at the national,
worker, government and NGOs local & community levels for an integrated,
multi-stakeholder and responsive disaster
management system.
Focus on physical and material Covers material, economic, social ,
aid and technical solutions environmental motivational aspects to reduce
vulnerability
Focus on individual households •Focus on individuals, family and community
risk reduction.
•Linked to community development.
Donors (outsiders) decide on what The community participates in decision making
the families and community need. to prioritize needs and risk reduction solutions.

The aim of disaster management The aim of DRRM is to reduce people’s

is to reduce immediate suffering vulnerabilities and increase capacities to better
and meet emergency needs. prepare and cope with disasters.
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
 Republic Act No. 10121

“The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Act of 2010”
(Approved on May 27, 2010; Effective on June 24, 2010)

* DRRM Act Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)

– approved on September 27, 2010
Republic Act No. 10121
“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management System,
Providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework and
Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan,
Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes”
Basis of RA 10121
The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

Priorities for Action:

Governance

Knowledge Risk
Management Assessment

Disaster Vulnerability
Preparedness Reduction
Basis of RA 10121

Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.

Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
The World Conference on Disaster Reduction held
from 18 to 22 January 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan,
and adopted the present Framework for Action
2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and
Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as
the “Framework for Action”). The Conference
provided a unique opportunity to promote a
strategic and systematic approach to reducing
vulnerabilities and risks to hazards. It underscored
the need for, and identified ways of, building the
Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
resilience of nations and communities to disasters.3
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
Salient Features of RA 10121

Coherence
with the
international
framework
Salient Features of RA 10121

Strengthened institutional
mechanism for DRRM
Salient Features of RA 10121
• Coherence with the international framework
• Adherence to universal norms, principles, and
standards of humanitarian assistance
• Good governance through transparency and
accountability
• Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM
• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency,
and community-based approach to disaster risk
reduction
Salient Features of RA 10121
• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency,
and community-based approach to disaster risk
reduction
Salient Features of RA 10121
• Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and
civil society organizations (CSOs) as key partners in
disaster risk reduction
• Integration of the DRRM into the educational system
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
(DRRMF) at the national and local levels
• Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state
of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited acts and
penalties therefor.
Key Players under RA 10121

National Local
Government Government

Civil
Community
Society
Governance
• Restructuring of Disaster Management Institutions

PD 1566 RA 10121
Overseeing Implementing
National
National DCC OCD (Secretariat) OCD
DRRMC

Regional Regional OCD

Regional DCC
DRRMC

Provincial Provincial
Provincial DCC DRRMC DRRMO

City/Municipal DCC City/Municipal City/Municipal

DRRMC DRRMO

Barangay Barangay DRRM

Barangay DCC Devt.Council Committee
Governance
• NDRRMC (Sec. 5)
 OCD
Governance CDOs
Chair

RDRRMC (Sec. 10)

DILG DSWD DOST NEDA
Disaster Response Prevention & Rehab &
Preparedness Mitigation Recovery
Composition
(Rule 4, Sec. 2) Vice-Chairs

MEMBERS
• Executives of regional offices and field stations of
NDRRMC government agency members
• Other entities that may be invited by the RDRRMC

Secretariat
Existing regional offices of OCD
 LDRRMC Members

Governance
LDRRMC
Members Members
(Sec. 11(a))
Governance
• LDRRMO (Sec. 12)

DRRM Officer

Administrative & Training Research & Planning Operations & Warning

Governance
What governs DRRM implementation?
Governance
 CSO Participation
• Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to
identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec.
9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)),
and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act
(Sec. 25)

• Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing

of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and
Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy,
planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)).

• A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster

volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector
(Sec. 13)

• Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR

activities and during emergencies
 CSO Participation
• Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to
identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec.
9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)),
and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act
(Sec. 25)

• Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing

of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and
Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy,
planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)).

• A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster

volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector
(Sec. 13)

• Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR

activities and during emergencies
Sustainability
• Funding

NDRRM Fund – appropriated under the GAA; QRF = 30%

Uses of the NDRRM Fund:

a) Disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and

preparedness activities such as but not limited to training of
personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital
expenditures;
b) Relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services
in connection with natural or human-induced calamities
which may occur during the budget year or those that
occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year.
Sustainability
• Funding

LDRRMF - not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated

revenue from regular sources ; QRF = 30%

Uses of the LDRRMF:

a) pre-disaster preparedness programs including training,
purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, supplies and
medicines;
b) post-disaster activities; and,
c) payment of premiums on calamity insurance
Thank you.