The Guidance Programs

and Guidance Services

Leary John H.
Tambagahan, LPT
MAED-Educational
Management
FOLLOW - UP
 FOLLOW - UP

• Commonly over-looked service in

the Philippines
• Helps determine the status of
the person who received
assistance and what other
assistance must be rendered so
that the service is complete and
holistic.
• It can determine the adequacy
and sufficiency of the programs
and services extended in meeting
the needs of the clientele.
 PERSONAL FOLLOW - UP

• It can be extended to individuals

who have been counseled, referred
and placed.
• Since counseling sessions tend to be
one-shot affairs, there is no time
found to determine whether decisions
made where ever implemented, how the
client is doing, and what additional
assistance is needed. (many clients
do not return to the counselor of
their own for many reasons)
• The counselor may respond better by
knowing the post-counseling status
of a counselee.
 PERSONAL FOLLOW - UP

• It is good to check on those who

had been referred to a consultant.
But it is still the responsibility
of the referring person to
determine whether the referred
party is receiving appropriate and
adequate help. Some clients have
ways of skirting their
consultants. If the process is not
completed, the rebound effect can
aggravate the situation.
• Individual who are placed must
also be followed up.
 FOLLOW – UP STUDIES
Placement-related follow-up studies can
take the form of research and/or
evaluation when they are conducted to
determine:

1.where graduates went after leaving

school
2.where dropouts/ school leavers went
3.reasons for dropping out or leaving
the school
4.how well graduates are doing in their
jobs
5.what additional needs graduates or
dropouts/school leavers have that the
school can still respond to
 FOLLOW – UP STUDIES
6.how long graduate stay in their jobs
7.adjustment difficulties and concerns
of graduates and school
leavers/dropouts
8.additional knowledge and skills
required by the job which formal
studies did not offer
9.employer satisfaction with graduates
10.percentage of high school graduates
who go to college and where they go
11.where those who do not go to college
and what they do
12.problems and concerns of those who do
not pursue a college course
 FOLLOW – UP

• These concerns would fall on what the

administrators should work on to improve its
offerings. But the counselor must ensure that
all aspects that contribute to this effect
are explored and maximized. The counselor
needs to attend all matters that affect the
students’ holistic development. These could
pertain to bridging the gap between the world
of school and the world of work.
• When individual responses to the follow-up
studies are considered, the counselor can
spot individuals who need further individual
assistance.
• Follow-up results can be the basis for
innovative programs for those who have left
as well as those who are still within the
institution.
RESEARCH
 RESEARCH

• Guidance and Counseling programs have

not been accorded much respect and
primacy in many institutions because
the evidence of their contributions
is not immediately or directly
visible. These services are not a
priority among school administrators.
Research is important to furnish the
institution with concrete evidence
that the program is worthwhile.
• Counselor accountability is best
proven through research and
evaluation.
 RESEARCH

• Research is a service-oriented
activity conducted to discover
new knowledge, to advance current
knowledge, and to substantiate
theory.
• Filipino counselors seem to shy
away from this. Many still can’t
see its relevance to their work,
because they are eager to get
into client handling. Some think
it steals their time or only part
of their graduate studies.
 WHY DO RESEARCH?

• It is an organized scientific effort for

discovering new material, unearthing what is
hidden, finding explanations for current
situations, and, corroborating or debunking
theoretical assumptions, claims, or practices
through systematic study (Gibson ad Mitchell,
2003)
• Its benefits include the deepening of
insights into the clientele, the self and the
counseling profession and their relationship.
• Unearthing problems through a systematic
strategy. It will eliminate the waste of
precious time and possible harm by helping
the counselor know what works and what does
not.
 WHY DO RESEARCH?

• It shall stimulate the counselors to

widen their horizons and discover
unexplored areas relevant to the
profession.
• It is indispensable for personal and
professional growth.
• It is tangible evidence that the
Guidance office is doing something
useful.
• It can help the institution attain its
goals and objectives or implement its
plans, the management will see the
value of a non-earning arm like the
Guidance office.
 Researches on the following
can lead to growth and development:

1. Non-intellective factors that affect academic

achievement
2. Teacher responses to student misbehavior
3. Student expectations of teachers: impact on
motivation
4. The effective teacher: students’ perspectives and
responses
5. The effects of matching teaching strategies with
learner modalities and intelligences
6. Leisure and free time activities
7. On-line usage/cyberspace addiction
8. Dating habits of high school/ college students
9. Students’ experiences of sexual harassment in
school
10.Parent-child interaction: how much and how?
11.Sex education from parents
 Researches on the following
can lead to growth and development:

12.Husband-wife relationships: impact on children

13.Family mottos and myths: children’s responses
14.Role models and heroes
15.Abuses experienced at home
16.Decision-making processes
17.Effectiveness of specific counseling
approaches (Solution-Focused Therapy,
Strategic Family Therapy, Structural Family
Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, etc.) in resolving
family issues
18.Effectiveness of certain training programs
(Stress Management, Burnout Management) in
improving well being
19.Effectiveness of certain guidance activities
(individual and group counseling)in improving
(social effectiveness, academic achievement,
self-efficacy)
REFERRAL
 REFERRAL

• Is usually understood as the action taken by

persons within the institution who see that a
particular person needs counselor assistance.
• It also refers to the assistance rendered to
clients or their significant others in
obtaining services from other people or
agencies that might be more effective in
helping them. These are specialists who might
be in a better position to respond to the
peculiar needs of the client.
• While the institution may have its own set of
specialists, circumstances come where one has
to be referred to an external consultant. The
counselor should have a roster of specialists
for purposes of referral.
 EXTERNAL CONSULTANTS

• Medical-Dental Assistance – the counselor may

coordinate to the medical-dental doctors.
• Spiritual-Moral issues in question – the
counselor may coordinate the Campus ministry
or its religious organizations.
• Children with special needs, like learning
disabilities or pervasive developmental
disorders – the counselor may refer to
developmental pediatricians or to respective
associations and societies for autism,
hyperactivity, dyslexia, Down syndrome and
the like. May be sent to special schools.
• Neurological Disorders – through the
assistance of the medical-dental clinic, the
client may be sent to a neurologist.
 EXTERNAL CONSULTANTS

• Legal attention – as in the case of physically

and sexually abused, the wrongfully accused, the
counselor may identify lawyers who specialize in
the legal issues or psychologists as expert
weaknesses.
• Speech problem – Speech therapists/Pathologists
or the client may be sent to a speech school.
• Drug Abuse – the client may be referred to a
reputable hospitals which conduct drug testing.
• HIV-AIDS counseling – someone with the generic
training might not be necessarily be able to
handle. They need someone specifically trained
to handle those issues. They may be led to a
medical doctor or support organization which can
assist in diagnosis and intervention.
 EXTERNAL CONSULTANTS

• Marital Problems – generic counseling training

may not necessarily be experts in this area.
• Crisis Counseling – also needs someone
qualified, more dangers can arise when crises
are not met appropriately.
• Clients may be referred to a psychiatrist if
it is believed that they have and emotional
disturbance or behavioral disorders that
require the use of medication.
• Deep seated psychological problems –clinical
psychologists are adept at diagnosing and
providing intervention for such problems which
may not be necessarily out of touch with
reality. They handle personality disorders
impede them from effectively dealing with
important aspect of living.
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The counselor…
• has valid reason for deciding
on a referral
• knows the specific area of
concern requiring the referral
• is familiar with.. where &
what services are available,
who renders them and how much
would it cost, credentials of
the external consultant
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

• the client has agreed to the

referral and its terms
• the external consultant knows
what the referral is for and
has accepted the referral
• the counselor and the client
have agreed about the
information that can be
revealed to the external
consultant
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The counselor…
• introduces the referred party to the
external consultant
• follows up to ensure that the referred
party gets the assistance needed
• gives feedback to and receives
feedback from the external consultant
regarding the progress of the client
so that intervention can target what
needs attention
• does not interfere with the work of
the external consultant
• does not charge for referral
 End of Report
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