LECTURE #1 Art As A Humanistic Discipline

LECTURE 1
Art as a Humanistic
Discipline
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
OBJECTIVES
a. Distinguish the humanities and the sciences as fields
of learning.
b. Survey the place of the humanities in the history of
Western civilization.
c. Relate the Western concept of humanities with the
Filipino notion of personhood or pagkatao.
d. Examine the history of art as a humanistic discipline.
e. Compare and contrast the concepts of art according
to Western thought and Filipino thought.
f. Discover the Filipino identity through the arts.
g. Apply the Filipino sense of art in the process of
appreciating art.
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE
READINGS
1.1. Panofsky, Erwin (1955). “The History of Art as a
Humanistic Discipline ” in Meaning in the Visual Arts.
Australia: Penguin Books, 1955. pp. 1-25.
1.2. Covar, Prospero (1992). Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat

ng Pagkataong Pilipino”, in http://www.journals.
upd.edu. ph/index. php/djwf/article/viewFile/ 49
50/4459.
1.2. De Leon, Felipe (2015). “Defining the Filipino

Through the Arts,” in journals.upd.edu.ph/index.
php/phr/ article/ download/4737/4273. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
UE. DR. ALLAN
C. ORATE
VIDEOS
1.1. “Laura Morelli (2014). “Is there a difference
between art and craft?” In https://www.you
tube.com/watch? v=tVdw60eCnJI
1.2 “Xiao Time: Damian Domingo, Ama ng PHL

Painting at unang pormal na gurong Filipino ng sining
sa Pinas” (2014) in https://www.you tube.com/watch?
v=3i8muLe9vss.
1.3. ANC-NCCA (2015). “Dayaw: Inukit, Hinulma,

Nilikha (Iconic Symbols of the Indigenous)” Episodes
3. In https://www.you tube.com/wat ch?v=8KlO 6_Jpd-
4.
LECTURES
1.1. Art as a Humanistic Discipline
1.2. The Humanities in Western

Civilization
1.3. The Humanities and the

Filipino Personhood (Pagkatao)
1.4. The Filipino Concept of Art

LECTURE 1.1
Art as a Humanistic
Discipline

FRAMEWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES
FIELDS OF LEARNING
Sciences HUMANITIES
Language History ART Philosophy
Art ART
Creation APPRECIATION
Artist DR.Spectator
ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE Practice Theory
What makes Science different
from Art?
THE THE
SCIENCES HUMANITIES
Deals with Deals with
natural, physical human
phenomena phenomena

PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE SCIENCES
SUBJECT-KNOWER OBJECT-KNOWN
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
“The scientist learns about things in the world.”

PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE HUMANITIES
SUBJECT-KNOWER = OBJECT-KNOWN
REFLEXIVE
METHOD
“The humanist learns about the self.”

THE BASIC
QUESTION IN
THE HUMANITIES
“Who am I?”

THINKERS WHOSE THOUGHTS WERE THE BASIS
OF METHOD IN THE HUMANITIES
SOCRATES
469-399 c.
“Know thyself.”
WISDOM
“Withdraw into yourself
truth dwells in the inner man.”
AUGUSTINE, 354-430 c.

THE THE
SCIENCES HUMANITIES
KNOWLEDGE WISDOM
The scientist The humanist

becomes a LEARNED becomes a
MAN. WISE person.

THALES OF MILETUS
(620-546 ca.)
A scientist tends to know everything about the world
that he forgets to know anything about himself.

CONFUCIUS
(555-479 BC)
至聖
“The Great Sage”
Wise Man

Who am I?
“I am a human being.”
I am unique, strengths, weaknesses,
vulnerabilities, capabilities, and
many others …
LECTURE 1.2
The Humanities in
Western Civilization

“HUMANITIES”
LATIN ENGLISH
humanitas “humanity”
Gods in the state of

divinitas perfection in heaven
People in the state of
humanitas culture in civilized society
barbaritas Savages in the state of

nature for survival

THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN
THE HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT COSMOCENTRIC VIEW HUMA

PROTAGORAS: Man is the measure of all things.
800 ca. NITIES
GEOCENTRISM: Man is at the center of the universe.
THEOCENTRIC VIEW
MEDIEVAL SCHOLASTICISM: Man is created in the image of God
300 ca. Man is at the center of creation.
RENAISSANCE ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW HUMA

HUMANISM: Nothing is more wonderful than man. NITIES
1400 ca.
MODERN SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW

Man is a part of nature.
1600
ECLECTIC VIEW HUMA
POSTMODERN Man is a piece of everything. NITIES
1960
ANCIENT
IMAGE OF
COSMOCENTRIC
MAN:
GEOCENTRIC
THEORY
Earth (Man) is
the center of
the universe.
Ptolemy
(100-170 ca.)
Almagest
ANCIENT
IMAGE OF
COSMOCENTRIC
MAN:
GEOCENTRIC
THEORY
Earth (Man) is
the center of
the universe.
Ptolemy
(100-170 ca.) Almagest astronomical manual written about ad 150 by Ptolemy
(Claudius Ptolemaeus of Alexandria)
MEDIEVAL IMAGE
OF THEOCENTRIC MAN
Man is created by God.
Escorial Beatus,
Illuminated Manuscript,
10th Century
RENAISSANCE
IMAGE OF MAN:
ANTROPOCENTRIC
MAN:
Measure of all
things
Leonardo da Vinci
Vitruvian Man, 1490

RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC MAN
The image of man is the image of God. Man is the measure of God.
UE.Michelangelo, The Creation of Man (Sistine Chapel Painting, 1512)

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE
HELIOCENTRIC
THEORY: Removed
man from the center
of the universe and
suggested the view
man was special in
the universe.
Copernicus,
On the Revolution
of Celestial Bodies,
1542

MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
Man is a part of nature.
The Evolution of Man

MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
The scientist is detached observer of the objectified man.
Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Turf, 1642

MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-
TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
Man is dehumanized during

the industrial age.
Legaspi
Gadgets
1947

Medio Cruz, Poleteismo, from Kulo Exhibit 2011 INSTALLATION ART
POSTMODERN IMAGE OF ECLECTIC MAN

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE Man is a piece of everything.
HUMANISTIC
DISCIPLINES
HISTORY
Human events happening in the world
LANGUAGE
Written and oral forms of human communication
PHILOSOPHY
Human reason concerning reality
ART
Admiration (ART APPRECIATION) of human-made objects
and the human creativity (ART CREATION) by which these
objects are made
ETYMOLOGY
Professional &
Academic Artist
LATIN ENGLISH
FINE ART
ars “art”
Architect
Skillful production Sculptor
or performance MAJOR ART
LIBERAL ART ARTIST ART
SERVILE ART ARTISAN CRAFT
MINOR ART
Stone Cutter
Carpenter
UE. DR. ALLAN
DR. ALLAN C.UE
C. ORATE, ORATE
WESTERN CONCEPT ART
ACADEMIC Only schooled people are artists
ELITIST Meant for the higher social class
HIERARCHICAL Liberal art and servile art, high and

low art, major art and minor art or
craft, fine art and practical art, folk
art, indigenous art, popular art

WESTERN CLASSIFICATION
OF THE ARTS
MAJOR ART
Made by artists and
primarily concerned with
the form of beauty
MINOR ART OR CRAFT

Made by artisans and
concerned with functionality
and usefulness of
human-made objects
(artifacts)
THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS
IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION
Visual PAINTING
SCULPTURE
ARCHITECTURE
Performing MUSIC
DANCE
DRAMA
Linguistic LITERATURE

MINOR ARTS: CRAFT
Ceramics
Weaving
Sewing
Handicraft
Carpentry
Masonry
Stone Cutting
Gardening
Cooking
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE Video 1.1.
Michelangelo,
Painting in the
Ceiling of Sistine
Chapel
1508-1512
Made by the
artist and the
artisans, but
only the artist
took the credit

LECTURE 1.3
The Humanities and the
Filipino Personhood
(Pagkatao)

“HUMANITIES”
LATIN
humanitas
ENGLISH
“humanities”
FILIPINO
?
“pagpapakatao”
Mula sa
“pagkatao”
“tao”
COVAR’S FILIPINO ANTHROPOLOGY
KATAUHAN PAGKATAO
Biological: Kultural:
Born as a human being Becoming a human being
Act of being human Process of becoming human
“personality” “personhood”
“Madaling maging tao; mahirap
magpakatao.”
“PAGPAPAKATAO”
The process by which one
becomes a human being
FILIPINO
PERSONHOOD How does a human being
become a Filipino?
Manunggul Jar,
890-710 BC,
Tabon Cave,
Palawan

Both came
from clay
THE JAR AND THE
FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
LABAS
LABAS LOOB
ulo isip
LOOB dibdib damdamin
LALIM LALIM
kaluluwa budhi
LABAS NG PAGKATAO
Katawan (Physical)
kulay ng balat (maputi, maitim)
tindig (matangkad, andak)
ilong (matangos, pango)
LOOB NG PAGKATAO
dibdib (malapad, malaki)
Kalooban (Intellectual,
Emotional and Moral)
isip (matalino)
ugali, asal (mabuti)
LALIM NG PAGKATAO
Kaluluwa (Espiritual)
anito (banal)

NON-DUALISTIC RELATION OF TERMS
LABAS LOOB
malapad ng noo matalino
salubong ang kilay matapang o galit
malagkit ang tingin umiibig
maduming bibig masamang magsalita
LALIM DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

malinis ang kaluluwa matuwid ang budhi
NON-DUALISTIC RELATION IN
FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
LABAS LOOB
hipo dama
pigil timpi
dinig ulinig
tawa tuwa
saya ligaya
sarap ginhawa
THE “HUMANITIES”
IN FILIPINO CONCEPT
“PAGPAPAKATAO”
The process how a
human being becomes a
Filipino
FILIPINO
ART
In the study of Humanities, as Pagpapakatao,
the students would discover and realize their
own identity as a Filipino.
Filipe del Leon Jr. (2011)
“Defining the Filipino through the Arts”
CULTURAL IDENTITY
“The worldview and values, beliefs systems,
knowledge, skills and practices, core principles
and ideas shared by a society”
.
FILIPINO
“Cultural identity is a sine qua non for becoming
active in the world… a source of social
empowerment. Rob a people of their identity
and they become passive, lost, indolent,
uncreative and unproductive.”
“The first objective of a colonizing power is to erase
the cultural memory of the conquered people, to
induce a collective amnesia about their past and
supplant it with the culture of the colonizers. In this
lie the roots of Filipino derivativeness and inferiority
complex vis-a-vis the West.”
Pre-Colonial Period
Had our own cultural identity
(Before 1500’s)
Our identity destroyed by colonizers:
Colonial Period
Westernization of Filipino Culture
(1500-1950) making us alienated from our own
Post-Colonial Period Reclamation, affirmation and definition

(1950 onwards) of our identify in our own terms
FILIPINO WESTERN
CULTURE CULTURE
(Subordinated) (Standard)
FORMS OF ALIENATION CAUSED BY
WESTERNIZATION OF FILIPINO CULTURE
1. Alienation from Community
2. Alienation from Our Sources of Cultural Energy: Thinking
in Borrowed Forms and the Economics of Dependency
3. Alienation from Our Race: The Doña Victorina Syndrome:
4. Alienation from the Indigenous: Denigrating the Local
5. Alienation from the Land
6. Alienation from Being Filipino
UE. DR.7.ALLAN
Alienation from Sustainable Living DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
C. ORATE
FILIPINO OTHER
CULTURE CULTURES
(Standard)
Some Recommendations for Developing
a Filipino and Humanistic Perspective
1. Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the
nation.
2. Promoting people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity.
3. Promoting the local but thinking national or global: human
communities, not the state, are the ultimate actors in the
development process
4. Integrating the arts to social and cultural phenomena as lucid
mirrors of social consciousness.
THE COMMUNAL CHARACTER OF PHILIPPINE
TRADITIONAL CULTURES AS REFLECTED IN THE ARTS
1. Integration of the arts with other values and functions
2. Unity of the arts
3. Art is integrated with everyday life and not regarded
as a separate activity.
4. Equality of opportunity for participation in the artistic
and creative process.
5. Flexibility of material, technical, and formal
requirements
6. Use of available resources for artistic creation
7. Emphasis on the creative process rather than the
finished product
8. Simultaneity of conception and realization
FILIPINO
ARTS
BECOMING FILIPINO THROUGH THE ARTS:
The Process of Pagpapakatao
“The arts can provide us the most vivid
images of social relations and cultural
values. They are perhaps the most lucid
symbols of a people’s quality of being or
consciousness. Contemplating the arts is
like reflecting on the psychic template of
an artist or a cultural community.”
LECTURE 1.4
The Filipino
Concept of Art

Western
Concept
ART
Academic Only schooled people are artists
Elitist Meant for the higher social class
Hierarchical High and low art, major art and craft
fine and practical art, folk, indigenous
Filipino
Concept
ART Has no such Western distinctions
Son of Chinese immigrants converted to
DAMIAN Christianity, but thought to be a noble
DOMINGO Spanish descent by the Spaniards so
that they commissioned him to paint
(1796-1834)
Engaged by a merchant to paint, in
miniaturismo style, albums of people
wearing their daily costumes
Had a vision of making art more
accessible to the Filipinos (Indios)
Founded the first Art School in the
Philippines Escuela Dibujo y Pintura
in Tondo Manila in 1821
His patron was Sociedad Economica
de los Amigos del Pais
FATHER OF Professor and Director of the Philippine Video
PHILIPPINE Art Academy. The academy was closed 1.2.
after his death producing Filipino artists
PAINTING trained in Western artistic tradition
Domingo, Tipos del Pais, Water color of Filipinos in native costumes

JUAN LUNA (1857-1899)
Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo Municipal de Manila.
Enrolled in Academy of Fine Arts, Manila
Went to Europe in 1877, and studied in Escuela de

ACADEMIC Bellas Artes de San Fernando
WESTERNIZED
Won gold medal in Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes
FILIPINO in 1884 for Spoliarium
PAINTER
Commissioned by Spanish government to do paintings
like La Batalla de Lepanto and El Pacto de Sangre
Arrested for murdering his wife and mother-in-law, but

was acquitted on grounds of crime of passion.
Juan Luna, Spoliarium, 1884, Gold Medal, Exposicion Nacional
NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
Felix R. Hidalgo, Las
Virgines Cristiana
espuestas al population,
1884, Silver Medal,
Exposicion Nacional
“…. In the history of mankind there are names which
in themselves signify an achievement…. To such
RIZAL’S belong the names of Luna and Hidalgo: their
splendor illuminates two extremes of the globe-the
SPEECH Orient and the Occident, Spain and the Philippines.
As I utter them, I seem to see two luminous arches
that rise from either region to blend there on high…
to unite two peoples with eternal bonds; two
peoples whom the seas and space vainly separate;
two peoples among whom do not germinate the
seeds of disunion blindly sown by men and their
despotism. Luna and Hidalgo are the pride of Spain
as of the Philippines-though born in the Philippines,
they might have been born in Spain, for genius has
no country; genius bursts forth everywhere….”
Winning the exposition had proven that Filipinos were equal with the
Spaniards, so that the Filipinos deserve the recognition of other
people in the world with equal dignity and respect.
Luna,
España y
Filipinas
1886
Philippine Western
Art Art
One positive way of looking at Filipino
identity in the arts is to see Philippine
Art as integrated in Western Art, and
these two traditions are uniting and
harmonizing with one another.

Tolentino
Bonifacio
Monument
1933
NEOCLASSICISM

Amorsolo, Planting Rice
ROMANTIC REALISM
RENAISSANCE ART
IMPRESSIONISM

Manansala,
Marketscene
TRANSPARENT
CUBISM

Lamaroza
Ecology Series
1978
SURREALISM

Joya
Karate
ACTION
PAINTING
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM

Albor,
Upward
Duality
COLOR
FIELD
PAINTING

Tinalak, Tiboli Art

Basey, Art of Colorful Mats from Samar-Leyte

Pastillas Wrapper Art of Pampanga and Bulacan

Vinta
Badjao
Art

Sarimanok Design
Maranao Art

Okir, Maranao Art
Torogan, Maranao Art

Maranao Brassware Art

Burnay
Jars of
Ilocos
PASIKING
Ifugao
Native
Backpack

Ling Ling O, Art of
the Cordillera Group

Bulul, Igorot Art

COLORFUL
ART OF THE
PAROL
Lanterns
made of
capiz shells
with twikling
light design

PAHIYAS, ART OF LUCBAN QUEZON
Taka Art of Paete, Laguna

JEEPNEY
ART

UE.THE COLORFUL
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE ART OF THE PHILIPPINE KALESA
THE C.COLORFUL
UE. DR. ALLAN ORATE ART OF TRICYCLE DESIGN
COLORFUL
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE PHILIPPINE ICE CREAM CART
Laji of
UE. DR. ALLAN the
C. ORATE Ivatan is literature and music.
UE. DR. Pasyon is literature,
ALLAN C. ORATE and pabasa is music.
Senakulo
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE is a theater art.
“dayaw”
Binisaya word
that means
good, valuable,
superior or
beautiful
Video 1.3.

“The principle of cultural identity does not mean
that cultures cannot be criticized. If all cultures
on earth are to survive, most of them have to
change some of their beliefs and practices in
order to become compatible with one another”
(Felipe, 2011).
FILIPINO IDENTITY WESTERN

The Philippine culture has to be dynamic in its
relation with other cultures in the world. By
harmonizing the Western and the Filipino
concepts of art and its practice, a truly
Philippine identity in the arts would emerge out
of the shared cultural universe, not only of our
own people, but of the humanity as a whole.
ACTIVITY AND
ASSESMENT

ACTIVITY AND ASSESMENT
a. Individual activity: Along the sidewalks or local shops,
find a native Philippine product (work of art) such as
basket, bracelet, hut, rags, textile, sandals, etc.
b. Make a documentation of the artifact: Where did you

buy it? How much? What is its local name? What is it
made of? Its color, size? Other information?
c. Write an essay answering the question: How does the

product or artifact express the Filipino concept of art?
d. 1 bond MS Word – Pass to GC

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 1
Needs
Excellent Good Fair
CRITERIA Improvement
(10-12 points) (7-9 points) (4-6 points) (1-3)
Documentation Some elements Many elements There is no

Documentation of the artifact is are lacking in the are lacking in the documentation
complete. documentation. documentation at all
The essay answers The essay A large part of the The essay
Content and the question partially answers essay incorrectly does not answer
Substance completely and the question answer the the question at
correctly. correctly. question. all.
The essay is There are many The essay has

The essay abides
Language and with all the rules of understood mistakes in many mistakes
although there are language, and the in language, and
Comprehension language, and it is some mistakes in essay is hard to it is totally not
easily understood.
language understand. understood.

LECTURE #1 Art As A Humanistic Discipline

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LECTURE #1 Art As A Humanistic Discipline

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LECTURE 1

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

1.2. Covar, Prospero (1992). Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat

1.2. De Leon, Felipe (2015). “Defining the Filipino

1.2 “Xiao Time: Damian Domingo, Ama ng PHL

1.3. ANC-NCCA (2015). “Dayaw: Inukit, Hinulma,

1.1. Art as a Humanistic Discipline

1.2. The Humanities in Western

1.3. The Humanities and the

1.4. The Filipino Concept of Art

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

Language History ART Philosophy

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

“The scientist learns about things in the world.”

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

“The humanist learns about the self.”

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

The scientist The humanist

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

Gods in the state of

barbaritas Savages in the state of

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

ANCIENT COSMOCENTRIC VIEW HUMA

RENAISSANCE ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW HUMA

MODERN SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

UE.Michelangelo, The Creation of Man (Sistine Chapel Painting, 1512)

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

The Evolution of Man

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Turf, 1642

Man is dehumanized during

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

POSTMODERN IMAGE OF ECLECTIC MAN

ACADEMIC Only schooled people are artists

ELITIST Meant for the higher social class

HIERARCHICAL Liberal art and servile art, high and

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

MINOR ART OR CRAFT

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

LALIM DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

Post-Colonial Period Reclamation, affirmation and definition

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

Went to Europe in 1877, and studied in Escuela de

Arrested for murdering his wife and mother-in-law, but

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE