Methods of Propagation :-

Grafting and Budding

Priyanka P. Parab
B.Sc. Agriculture
 What Is a Graft?
 Grafting and budding are methods of asexual plant
propagation that join parts from two different plants so
they will grow as one plant.
 Why do we do graft?
 Propagate the plants where other methods would not
worked
 Change cultivar on established plant
 Repair damage tree parts
 Faster production of new fruit 2/3 vs 5/7 years
 Novelties – more than one cultivar on one tree
 Grafting terms
 Grafting: Joining two plant pieces to make one plant
 Scion: Detached shoot from last year’s growth with
dormant buds, upper graft part.
 Stock: Basal part of the graft (understock or rootstock)
 Interstock: Stem pieces added between stock & scion
 Cambium: This is a single layer of cells between the
wood and bark. It must be lined up for a good graft
union.
 Steps in Healing

 Tissues involved are the Xylem, Phloem and Cambium

 Callus from stock & scion fill the space and interlock to
form “callusbridge”
 Callus cells in line between stock & scion cambium
change into cambium cells
 New cambium produce Xylem & Phloem in wound to
establish a vascular connection.
Tissue involved in graft union
 Tools used
 Budding /Grafting Knife
 Pruning shear
 Tying materials:- Tape,
Rubber strips, polythene
strips
 Heavy knife
 wax
Types of Grafting

1) Veneer grafting 7) Epicotyl grafting

8) Soft wood grafting
2) Whip grafting 9) Inarching
3) Tongue grafting 10)Double working
4) Cleft grafting 11)Top working
5) Wedge grafting 12)Frame working
6) Bridge grafting
Grafting Machine
Epicotyl & Softwood grafting in Mango
Field Preparation for Mango

 Dig Pits of 1m X 1m X 1m
 Fill with top soil mixed with 10kg FYM and
100g Lindane 1.3% dust per pit
 Planting Mango Graft
 One year old Grafts are planted in the centre of the pit
with ball of earth intact followed by watering and
staking.
 The graft union must be 15cm above the ground level
 The spacing followed in mango orchard is 10 X 10m,
in high density planting that can be reduced to 6m X
6m/ 5m X 5m
 Manures and Fertilizers
 Manures and fertilizers are applied in September – October
 Fertilizers are applied towards the peripheral area of the
canopy
 Fertilizer application:- 170 gm Urea, 110gm Single Super
Phosphate and 115gm
Muriate of potash per plant per year from first to tenth year and
thereafter 1.7 kg, 1.1Kg, and 1.15kg respectively of these
fertilizer per plant per year can be applied in split doses (June-
July and october)
 Budding

 It is the form of grafting in which one bud and a

small section of bark with or without wood is used.

 Chip budding and T-budding are the most

important types of budding for fruit crops and
woody ornamentals.
Types of Budding
1. Shield budding or T-budding
2. Patch budding
3. Chip budding
4. Ring budding
5. Modified ring budding
T-Budding
Budding
 Modified Ring
Budding

Chip Budding
 Grafting and Budding
Precautions
 Cambial layers of stock and scion must meet
 Parts must be held securely keep air out —
 Union heals by callus production Adequate temperature
for cell division There are limitations!
 All the equipment's should be well sterilized
 Layering

 It is the form of rooting of cuttings in which

adventitious roots are initiated on a stem(layer) is
then detached, transplanted, while later becomes a
separate plant on its own roots.
 Air layering is mostly preferred in Sapota(chickoo),
Guava,etc.
 Advantages of Layering
a) It is an effective method of propagating species that usually
do not root easily by cuttings as in mango, litchi, sapota,
guava, etc.
b) It does not require precise control on water, relative
humidity, or temperature.
c) Easy-to-perform and does not require much infrastructure.
d) It is nature method of propagation in Blackberries and
Raspberries.
 Types of Layering

1. Simple layering
2. Serpentine/Compound layering
3. Mound layering or Stooling
4. Trench/Continuous layering
5. Tip layering
6. Air layering
Air Layering
Continuous Layering Simple Layering and Stooling
 Thank You

priyankaparab21p3@gmail.com
Contact No. 7507887303