INTRODUCTION TO THE

PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
Prepared by: 12- Hamlet

Subject Teacher: Mr. Joey

Oledan
 • DISCUSS WHAT IS METHOD OF
PHILOSOPHIZING

• DISTINGUISH OPINION FROM

TRUTH

OBJECTIVE: • ANALYZE SITUATION THAT SHOWS

BETWEEN TRUTH AND OPINION

• REALIZE THAT METHODS OF

PHILOSOPHIZING LEAD TO WISDOM

• EVALUATE OPINION
METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
It is human nature to seek validation from others. The
human person does it everyday—seeking approval
from colleagues, friends and love once on numerous
topics.

The human person seeks validation because he/she

wants to be right,not to be wrong.
WHAT METHODS ARE YOU GOING TO
APPLY IN KNOWING THE TRUTH?
SITUATION A

In the trial court, a lawyer asking

further questions about the

suspect's whereabouts during the

crime because she is not entirely

convinced by his alibi.

SITUATION B

You and your research group

leader is discussing the problem

that you will choose to study.

WHAT IS THE COMMON THING OF THE
TWO SITUATIONS GIVEN?

HOW DO WE KNOW THAT SOMETHING

IS TRUE?
 PHILOSOPHIZING
Is a kind of discourse in reality.
✓ It is essentially tide up with mans
openness towards the reality which is
being verbalized
(De Water, 2013).
A method of philosophizing is a process of
determining the truth or drawing a conclusion
from a statement using various philosophical
methods such as:
 Four Methods of Philosophizing

Socratic Scientific Historical

Dialectic
 Socratic Method
Socrates, a Greek philosopher, introduced the socratic method.

The method of Elanchus: to inquire or examine.

The Socratic Method or logic is a form of a cooperative argumentative dialogue between

individuals based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to
draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions. This method is also called Socratic
dialogues or socratic questioning.
As Socrates like to put it, “Knowledge comes
from asking questions”.
Example: The classroom experience shared
dialogue between teacher and a students on
which both responsible in Socratic
questioning. They both ask questions and also
seek or recieves answers.
 In distinguishing opinion from truth, it depends on the state of
affairs in the world as they are, and the degree to which the idea
could be justified. If one holds to an opinion that is a belief
towards something regardless of the truth, we call them a
dogmatist. If they withhold an opinion asserting that the truth
could not be justified, then they are a skeptic.
 An opinion is something that won’t exist if humans don’t
exist. That’s because an opinion is derive from a human mind.
And a fact is something that will continue to exist even if
humanity goes extinct. Because a fact is derive from physical
existence itself. for example, a tree falling down in the middle of
the forest. Just because nobody saw it fall doesn’t mean that it
didn’t fall. That is the difference between a fact and an opinion. A
fact is base on physical reality while an opinion is base on the
human mind.
 Dialectical Method
G.W.F Hegel, a 19th Century German Philosopher, introduced the term ‘Dialectic’ that
comes from the Greek word Dialektike which means “the art of conversation”.

The dialectical method is method of argument that systematically weighs contradictory

facts or ideas with a view to the resolution of their real or apparent contradictions.

In philosophy, it is a method of coming up with a conclusion from an exchange of

contradicting logical arguments.
 PERSONAL AND
SHARED
CONCEPTIONS

This method aim for clarification in an

argument with other people.
 Scientific Method
Francis Bacon, the father of the English essay, was the first to formalize the concept of a
truly scientific method.

The word ‘Scientific’ is derived from the Latin word Scientia, which means “to produce
knowledge” according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

Science aims for measurable results through testing and analysis or analytic tradition.
Sciences is based on facts, not opinions or preferences.

It is also called Empirical Method, a process determining truth or knowledge through

experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing. It
used to explore observations and answer questions.
 The scientific method leads to wisdom and truth because it uses
anevidence-based approach to come up with this conclusion. In this
method, all truths are supported by facts that can easily be tested or
proven again through expirements, logical reasoning, or observation.
The knowledge and truth gained from the scientific method are assured
to come directly from valid conclusions (Quipper School,2016).
 Historical Method
The term ‘history’ is from the Greek word “Iotopia” which means “to investigate” or “to
find out”.

It is the process of gathering pieces of evidence, examining them and formulating ideas
about the past to come up with present truths.

The process of learning truth is simply through looking past records to validate the
present hypothesis.
Reviewing what has been done in the past is the primary method of looking at a solution
for a problems at present (Quipper School, 2017)
Important Types of Historical
Evidence are Primary Sources
Example is the letter of
soldier in World War II.
 Such as books and
Example is the letter of magazines.
soldier in World War II.
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THANK YOU
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