REGION X

PROVINCES
Region 10, (Northern Mindanao), is
composed of 5 provinces: 
Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del
Norte, Misamis Occidental and
Misamis Oriental. It is comprised of
9 cities: Cagayan de Oro, El
Salvador, Gingoog, Malaybalay,
Valencia, Oroquieta, Ozamiz,
Tangub and Iligan.
(NNC Region X Profile,
https://nnc.gov.ph/2-uncategorised/306-region-x, Accessed, Sep. 3,
2022)
 PRODUCTS AND
SOURCES OF INCOME
PRODUCTS AND SOURCES OF INCOME
Northern Mindanao or Region 10 is a
highly-diversified region that enjoys quality
living and sustained economic growth. It is
home of the Industrial Estate, the country’s
largest industrial estate that hosts light to
medium industries.
(DTI, https://www.dti.gov.ph/regions/region-10/profile/, Accessed, Sep. 3, 2022)
 BUKIDNON
Bukidnon is the heart of Mindanao. It is home to the world’s
biggest Pineapple plantation (Del Monte Phils.) boasting a classic
golf course dating back to 1928. It is the biggest cattle-
producing province in the region. It is well endowed with natural
attractions like the Mt. Kitanglad Ranges that includes Dulang
Dulang, the second highest peak in the country. And it has been
identified as one of the country’s richest in biodiversity and
endemic species of flora and fauna. Bukidnon Sugar Milling
Corp. and Crystal Sugar Milling are into sugar milling and
refining.
 CAMIGUIN
It is said to be “Born of Fire”. It has seven volcanoes
unmatched anywhere else in Southeast Asia. It is a tiny island
of lush forests, volcanic splendor, eternal hot and cold natural
springs, pristine patches of black and white beaches, majestic
waterfalls, exotic marine life, blue-ridge mountains, serene
surroundings, idyllic lifestyle; it has a glorious past, and is
inhabited with jovial people. Among the Province's major
products are coconut, cassava, banana, camote, palay, corn,
fruits, coffee, abaca and vegetables. Camiguin is proud of its
natural resources, which include sulfur deposits, geothermal
energy, agricultural lands and fishing grounds.
 MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
The economy depends firstly on fishing, secondly on
coconuts, thirdly on rice. The province has 169 km of coastline
fronting the rich fishing grounds of Panguil and Iligan bays. It
also has the biggest area of brackish-water fishponds in the
region. Tangub is a fishing port on Panguil Bay famous for
seafood. Coconut is the chief crop. This is processed into oil,
desiccated coconut, and coir, most of which are shipped to
Cebu. Coconut processing is the main industry in Oroquieta.
Other crops grown are rice, corn, abaca, coffee, cacao and
rubber.
 MISAMIS ORIENTAL
Watersports and fine beaches, cave exploration and ethnic
settlements, seas and beaches offer a limitless adventure. Go
scuba diving at Duka Bay and Mantangale, also a primary
dolphin and whale shark watching destination. Find glorious
hideaways in the white sand beaches of Midway Beach, Maputi
White Beach, and Opol Beach Fronts. Go white water rafting
and tubing in the rapids of Cagayan de Oro River, one of the
longest rivers in Mindanao. Or simply get picture-happy at the
San Isidro/Sagpolon, Palalan, and Tiklas waterfalls as well as
Sapong Spring and the Cold Spring at Lagonglong.
ETHNIC GROUPS
DIALECTS
ETHNIC GROUPS DIALECTS
Bisaya, Boholano and Cebuano are the
major ones. Native languages are still used
like Higaonon in Misamis Oriental, Maranao
in some part in Misamis Occidental,
Subanen in Misamis Occidental, Binukid in
Bukidnon and Kinamiging in Camiguin.
English and Tagalog are also understood.
(NNC Region X Profile, https://nnc.gov.ph/2-uncategorised/306-region-x, Accessed, Sep. 3, 2022)
FESTIVALS AND ITS
SIGNIFICANCE
The word “Kaamulan” comes from the
Binukid word “amul” which literally means
“to gather”. It is a festival celebrated
annually by the Bukidnon people. During
the festival, the seven tribes in Bukidnon
namely the Bukidnon, Talaandig,
Tigwahanon, Manobo, Umayamnon,
Matigsalog and Higaonon are gathered to
celebrate diversity, culture, pride and
unity. Each tribe showcase their own
tribal costumes, dances, and products.
Kaamulan Festival ,an ethnic festival held in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon.“Kaamulan”
is a Binukid term “amul” meaning “to gather”

KAAMULAN FESTIVAL..
KAAMULAN FESTIVAL..
KAAMULAN FESTIVAL..
KAAMULAN FESTIVAL..
Lanzones Festival Celebration (October 20-28)
The Province of Camiguin is known to many as the home of
the sweetest Lanzones in the Philippines. As a way to honor
the bounty harvest of the Lanzones fruit.
Numerous activities are the; trade fair, sport events, inter-
agency dance and the main events of the week-long
celebration include the Lanzones Festival Street Dancing
and Tableau Competition  (https://sagay.gov.ph/lanzones-festival/)
LANZONES FESTIVAL
Binalbal Festival
The Binalbal Festival is celebrated every first of January in Tudela,
Misamis Occidental. Binalbal means “Balbal” in Cebuano, symbolize a
unique tradition and belief of the town about supernaturals, the witches,
ogres, and the like elements which can be compared to the Halloween
feast. The beginning of the celebration is called the “ Masquerade Ball"
which begins every 31st of December, together with the new Year
welcome until noontime of January first with the grand parade of the
Festival.    
Early years, this celebration is like a simple activity of Tudela’s locals, to
wear a mask during New Year’s Day. The prominent people in the metro
get involved in this event in the early 1930s, then, later on, the local
government recognized it as their yearly festival. In current days, people
are still patronizing the celebration the way their culture evolved with
civilization. 
BINALBAL FESTIVAL
ETHNIC GROUPS DIALECTS
Bisaya, Boholano and Cebuano are the
major ones. Native languages are still used
like Higaonon in Misamis Oriental, Maranao
in Lanao Del Norte, Subanen in Misamis
Occidental, Binukid in Bukidnon and
Kinamiging in Camiguin. English and
Tagalog are also understood.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Aerophone
1. Bamboo flutes (Pulala) (Hulakteb)
- is a type of Philippine bamboo flute, the largest one used by the 
Maguindanaon, a smaller type of this instrument is called the
Hulakteb (Bukidnon). A lip-valley flute, it is considered the toughest
of the three bamboo flutes to use because of the way one must
shape one's lips against its tip to make a sound. The construction
of the mouthpiece is such that the lower end is cut diagonally to
accommodate the lower lip and the second diagonal cut is make
for the blowing edge. Among the Bukidnon, a similar instrument
with the same construction except that it is three-fourths the length
of the palendag, is called the hulakteb.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
2. Bamboo Jew's harp (Kubing)
3. Two String Lute (Kuglong)
Chordophone
- B'laan, SE Mindanao;, kudlung
- Manobo, Mindanao, kudlung
- Mansaka, SE Mindanao; kudlung
- T'boli, SE Mindanao;hegelung
- Maranao, West Central Mindanao (muslim south), 
kudyapi
- Tagbanua, Palawan, kudyapi
Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the
melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the
neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved
with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are
adorned with horse hair; the tail has two (originally
three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with
bead work.
3. Two String Lute (Kuglong)

4. Bamboo Sitar (Salurey)

5. Agong (Gong)
5. Kulintang 
Custoand
msTraditions
Busaw
- a legendary creature that
resembles humans in appearance
and behavior, raising farm animals
and planting root crops. However,
its favorite food is humans,
resulting in scattered human
skeletons on the grounds of its
dwelling place. The Busaw was a
ghoul and corpse thief.
Polygamy, although rarely practiced, but is allowed. A Datu might resort to it,
usually for economic and political reasons.
The man could take another wife only if the first wife and her parents consented
The first wife remained the head wife.