Multifetal

Pregnancy
Vocika Chandra Mohan
Final Year MBBS - MMC
 Definition
 Incidence
 Mechanism of Multifetal Gestations
 Simultaneous development of more than one fetus in the uterus
which may result from two or more fertilization event, or from a
Definition single fertilization followed by a splitting of the zygote, or from a
combination of both .
  Twin birth rate: 3.2% (US)

Incidence  Dizygotic twins birth rate : 0.03%

 Fertilization of Dizygotic or
Mechanism of 2 separate ova fraternal twins

Multifetal  Twin fetuses result from

Gestations Division of single Monozygotic or

Fertilized Ovum Identical twins
 Differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twins
Monozygotic twins
 Uniovular
 Known also as identical twins
 Both fetuses are always of the same sex
 Twins resemble one another
 Placental characteristics depends on
when the twinning occurs
 Once again depends on the period of
twinning
Dizygotic twins
 Binovular
 Also known as fraternal twins
 May be same or different sex
 May not have resemblance
 Two separate placenta though they may
appear as one due to fusion
 Always dichorionic diamniotic
Genesis of
Monozygotic
twins

Reference : Williams Obstetrics 26th edition

 Superfetation : An interval as long as or longer than menstrual cycle
intervene between fertilizations
Superfetation
vs
Superfecundation Superfecundation : Fertilization of two ova within the same
menstrual cycle but not at the same coitus nor necessarily by sperm
from the same male ( Heteropaternity )
 1. Demographics
2. Heredity
Factors 3. Nutrition
affecting 4. Pituitary Gonadotropin
twinning 5. Infertility theraphy
 United States in 2019, the twin birth rate was 4.1 % in black women,
3.3% in whites and 2.5% in Hispanics.

Demographics In Nigeria twin birth rate is one in every 20 births

These differences are due to racial variations in levels of FSH

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Ipsum Dolor