Evidences of Plate

Tectonic Movement
The Distribution of Fossils on
Different Continents
•The continents fit together
almost like puzzle pieces
forming Pangaea (one
super-continent).
What are the fossils
that were distributed
in different
continents?
•Mesosaurus had a
long skull and had
longer teeth. The
teeth are angled
outwards,
especially those at
the tips of the
jaws.
• Cynognathus is an extinct
mammal-like reptile. The
name literally means 'dog
jaw'. Cynognathus was as
large as a modern wolf
and lived during the early
to mid Triassic period (250
to 240 million years ago).
It is found as fossils
only in South Africa and
South America.
• Glossopteris, genus of
fossilized woody plants
known from rocks that
have been dated to the
Permian and Triassic
periods (roughly 300 to
200 million years ago),
deposited on the
southern supercontinent
of Gondwana.
Glossopteris occurred in
a variety of growth form
Dicynodontia  were herbivorous 
animals with a pair of tusks, hence
their name, which means 'two dog
tooth'. Members of the group
possessed a horny, typically
toothless beak, unique amongst all 
synapsids.
• They ranged in size from that of a
small dog to 2.5 meters long.
• As a
dicynodont, Lystrosaurus had
only two teeth (a pair of tusk-like 
canines), and is thought to have
had a horny beak that was used
for biting off pieces of vegetation.
The Occurrence
of Earthquakes
•Earthquakes occur along fault lines,
cracks in Earth's crust where tectonic
plates meet. They occur where plates
are subducting, spreading, slipping, or
colliding. As the plates grind
together, they get stuck and
pressure builds up. Finally, the
pressure between the plates is so
great that they break loose.
Continental and Ocean
Floor Features Including
Mountains, Volcanoes,
Faults, and Trenches.
 Mountain Ridge
• A ridge or a mountain ridge is a geographical feature
consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a
continuous elevated crest for an extended distance.
The sides of the ridge slope away from the narrow top
on either side. The lines along the crest formed by the
highest points, with the terrain dropping down on
either side, are called the ridgelines. Ridges are
usually termed hills or mountains as well, depending
on size.
Kaanibunga
n Ridge,
Impasug-
ong,
Bukidnon
Palmera
Mountai
n Ridge
– Sultan
Kudarat
Oceanic Ridge
•A mid-ocean ridge is a seafloor
mountain system formed by plate
tectonics. It typically has a depth of
about 2,600 meters and rises about
2,000 meters above the deepest
portion of an ocean basin.
Mid –
ocean
ridge -
basalt
rock
The Turtle
Pits site on
the mid-
Atlantic
Ridge,
consisting
of two
sulfide
mounds
and a black
smoker
chimney.
Mountain
Ranges
Mountain Ranges of the World
• Alps – Europe
• Himalayas – Asia
• Urals – Asia
• Atlas – Africa
• Drakensberg – Africa
• Appalachian – North America
• Rocky – North America
• Great Dividing - Australia
Himalaya
n
Mountain
Ranges
Swis
s
Alps
 Volcanoes
• This list contains the top five most active
volcanoes in the world since 1900, based
on years of continuous activity, according
to records of eruptions from
Paul Kimberly, a Global Volcanism Program
Manager with the Smithsonian Institution.
Mt.
Sangay,
Ecuador -
94 years
Mt. Sta.
Maria,
Guatemal
a– 101
years
Mt.
Stromboli
,North
Cost of
Sicily –
108 years
Mt. Etna,
Italy –
109 years
Mt.
Yasur,
Vanuatu
–
111 years
Faults
Trench
Some Deep Trenches of the World
• Mariana Trench
• Tonga Trench
• Philippine Trench
• Kuril- Kamchatka Trench
• Kermadec Trench
• Izu-Ogasawara Trench
• Japan Trench
• Puerto Rico Trench
The
continental
edges of
eastern South
America and
western Africa
look almost
like mirror
images of one
another.