WELCOME

1
Engineering Graphics - Lect 4
LAST LECTURE OVERVIEW
 Directx Focus Method for Parabola
 Method to draw tangent and normal
 Ellipse
 Properties of ellipse
 Use of those properties

2
METHODS TO DRAW ELLIPSE
 Directrix Focus Method – Done
 Concentric Circles Method
 Rectangle or oblong Method
 Arcs of circle method
CONCENTRIC CIRCLES METHOD
 Draw an ellipse by concentric circles method, give major
and minor axis as 80mm and 50mm respectively.
Let AB and CD represent the major and minor axe respectively.
Draw two axes AB and CD, intersecting each other at right angles
at O.
With O as a centre, describe two circles of radii equal to half of the
major and minor axis. i.e. OA and OC respectively.
Divide the major axis into 12 (or any suitable no) equal parts and mark
them 1, 2, 3 etc.
Draw radial lines joining 1, 2, 3 etc. points with the centre O there by
cutting minor circle at point 1’, 2’, 3’ etc.
Through point 1´ draw a line parallel to the major axis
Through point 1, draw a line parallel to the minor axis

F.E. (Graphics) - Nilesh Sabnis

Those lines intersects at point P1. This P1 is required point on the
locus of an ellipse.
Similarly obtain more points P2, P3, P4 etc.
Draw smooth curve through it which is required ellipse.
RECTANGLE OR OBLONG METHOD
 The major and minor axis of the ellipse measure
100mm and 70mm respectively. Draw an ellipse by
rectangle method.
Draw AB=100mm, mark midpoint O of major axis and draw line
perpendicular to and on the both sides of AB passing through O. Draw CD,
which represents minor axis by marking points CO=DO=35mm
Through C and D draw horizontal lines parallel to AB, through A and B draw
vertical lines parallel to minor axis to cut horizontal lines through C and D at
points K,L,M and N. KLMN is a rectangle such that NM=AB and NK=CD.
Divide ½ of major axis OA into equal parts (say five) and mark them as shown
in the fig. Also divide ½ of smaller side of rectangle i.e. AK into same number
of equal parts (5), numbering them from A as shown.
Draw lines joining 1’, 2’, 3’ and 4’ with C. Draw line joining points 1, 2 3, 4
with D.

F.E. (Graphics) - Nilesh Sabnis

Extend line which is joining point 1 with D, to meet line C1’ at point
P1.Similarly extend lines D2,D3,D4 to meet the lines C2’, C3’, C4’ respectively
at point P2, P3 and P4.

F.E. (Graphics) - Nilesh Sabnis

Draw a smooth curve passing through A,P1, P2, P3, P4, C.
Do similar construction in each of the three remaining quadrants to get
remaining points.
Draw a smooth curve passing through A, B, C, D and P1, P2, P3… etc. This
curve is required ellipse.
Draw a horizontal line from P4 such that P4K1=K1P5
Draw a horizontal line from P3 such that P3K2=K2P6
Draw a horizontal line from P2, P1
Draw vertical lines from P1, P2, P3, P4 same way
Draw vertical lines from points P5, P6, P7, P8 and horizontal lines from new
points ( P13, P14, P15, P16)
Draw a smooth curve from all the points
ARCS OF CIRCLE METHOD
 To construct an ellipse , given the major and minor axis 80mm and 50mm
Draw a line AB equal to major axis and CD equal to the minor axis, bisecting
each other at right angle at O.
Use the a property of an ellipse to find out the positions of the F1 and F2.
Mark numbers of point 1,2,3,4,5 etc. on AB
With centre F1 and F2 and radius equal to A1, draw arcs on the both sides of
the AB.
With the same centres(F1 and F2) and radius equal to B1, draw arcs
intersecting the previous arcs at four points marked P1.
Mark those points
Now take A2 as a radius and F1, F2 as centre draw arcs
then B2 as a radius with same radius draw intersecting arcs.
Similarly, with radii A3 and B3, A4 and B4, A5 ad B5 obtain more points.
Name those points as P1, P2, P3 etc.
Draw a smooth curve through these points. This curve is an required ellipse.