BEAMSPACE MULTIPLEXING

Presentation by: Roll No. FA2021-PhDEE-001

Muhammad Usama Zahid
Course: Cellular Communications
1
BEAMSPACE MULTIPLEXING

Presentation by: Roll No. FA2021-PhDEE-001

Muhammad Usama Zahid
Course: Cellular Communications
2
Beam space Multiplexing – Topics to Cover

1 Physical Layer Technologies in 2G & 3G

2 MIMO Technology

PRESENTATION
SEQUENCE 3 MIMO Classification

4 Beamspace Multiplexing, Simulations & Salient

5 Beamspace Capacity & Comparison

3
Physical Layer Technologies in 2G & 3G
Last 20 years, cellular system technology evolved and mostly revolved
around time and frequency domain. Physical layer technologies improved
in areas:

Time Frequency Multiplexing

Multiple Access Waveforms

Modulation Schemes

Coding Schemes
4
MIMO Technology
 Definition: Technique for sending and receiving more than one
data signal simultaneously over the same radio channel by
exploiting multipath propagation
MIMO
Classification

Spatial
Multiplexing

Beamforming

Transmission
Diversity 5
MIMO Technology Classification
1 2
Spatial
Multiplexing
Definition: MIMO
technology where multiple
antennas at both the
transmitter and receiver are
used to carry multiple data
streams at the same time
within the same frequency
band
Objectives: Anyone of these
can be employed
 Increase throughput
 Reliability
3
Beamforming
Definition: MIMO
technology in which a
wireless signal is directed
toward a specific receiving
device through changing
phases of antenna
elements
Objectives:
 Enhanced signal quality
though SNR
 Less interference
Transmission
Diversity
  Definition: In such a
system, the receiver is
provided with multiple
copies of the same
information (coded
differently) signal which are
transmitted over multiple
communication channels
Objectives:
 Enhanced reliability
through orthogonal
encoding
6
Spatial Multiplexing
When objective is to increase throughput, the message is broken into multiple compartments, each
compartment is routed to independent antenna element where all those compartments are send
simultaneously, resulting into increased throughput and data rate

Tx1 Rx1

Modulation & Mapping

S1 S1

Demod & Mapping

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S2
Tx2 Rx2 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
S2

S3 Tx3 Rx3 S3

S4 Tx4 Rx4 S4

S5
Tx5 Rx5 S5

 If a Tx is equipped with Nt antennas and Rx with Nr antennas, the max spatial

multiplexing order is
Ns = min (Nt,Nr)
 Ns streams can be transmitted in parallel, ideally leading to Ns increase in spectral
7
efficiency theoretically
Beamforming
Beamforming is used with phased array antennae systems to focus the wireless signal in a chosen
direction, normally towards a specific receiving device. This results in an improved signal at the user
equipment (UE), and also less interference between the signals of individual UE.

8
Beamspace Multiplexing
Spatial multiplexing based on beam formed enabled multiple activate data
pipes to enhance capacity, throughput and SNR without extra power
consumption

Beamspace Multiplexing
Array Beam Multiplexing Interference
Gain Steering Gain Reduction Gain

Spatial Multiplexing Beamforming

9
Antenna Array Radiation Pattern - Simulation

• Antenna type: Omni directional

• Operating Frequency: 1000MHz

• Antenna elements: 1 ~ 10

• Inter antenna distance: 250 mm

10
Array Gain - Simulation

Array Gain (dB) = 10 log10 n 11

Beamspace Multiplexing Salients

 5G Cellular Communications & Next Gen Wireless Networks application

 Independent uncorrelated multiple sub-channels and data tranmissions

 Increases resiliency (SNR) of a transmitted signal and the channel capacity

 Multiple parallel TDD data transmissions increases throughput

 Multipath independent propagation

 High multiplexing gain and power efficiency

 High data rate and optimized expanded converge

 Common frequency can be steered simultaneously in multiple directions

12
Beamspace Multiplexing Capacity

 Receive SNR improved without extra power consumption

 Multiplexing gain could be achieved by beam-space multiplexing

 Linear increase in the capacity due to spatial multiplexing gain i-e

governed by the number of beams r

13
Comparison
Transmit Principle Antenna Performance Spatial signal Signal
schemes spacing gain property processing
mode
Antenna – Channel 4-10λ High Uncontrolled Antenna
space independence multiplexing signal domain: spatial
Multiplexing gain signal
processing
Traditional Channel λ/2 High power Dedicated Beam-domain:
Beamforming correlation efficiency (SNR) directional single beam
signal signal
processing

Beam-space Single beam λ/2 High Multiple Beam domain:

Multiplexing channel multiplexing dedicated multi beam
correlation gain + high directional signal
Muitiple beam: power signal processing
multi-path efficiency (SNR)
independence

14
Beamspace Multiplexing - Animation

15
References

1. S. Chen et al., “A Comprehensive Survey of TDD-Based Mobile

Communication Systems from TD-SCDMA 3G to TD-LTE (A) 4G and 5G
Directions,” China Commun., vol. 12, no. 2, Feb. 2015, pp. 40 –60.
2. F.Rezae et al., “Multi-layer beamforming in uplink/downlink massive
MIMO Systems
with multi-antenna users,”Intl Journal of Signal Processing.,15, May.2019,
pp. 58 - 66
3. S.Chen et al., “ Beam-Space Multiplexing: Practice, Theory, and
Trends,From 4G TD-LTE, 5G, to 6G and Beyond” 14, Jan.2020.
4. Ding, Y., Fusco, V., & Shitvov, A. (2017). Beamspace Multiplexing for
Wireless Millimeter-Wave Backhaul Link. In EuCAP 2017: Proceedings (pp.
912-916) https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928340
5. E. Björnson at el., “Massive MIMO is a Reality -- What is Next? Five
Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays,” Digital Signal
Processing., 12., June.2019 16