GEOGRAPHY

AND
TOURISM
IN EUROPE
Geographical
Features
Second smallest continent in
the world located entirely in
the northern hemisphere and
mostly in the easter
hemisphere this continent is
not surrounded by water in all
directions like some of the
other continents it actually
borders on land with the
continent of Asia
 However there are bodies of water
surrounding Europe the Arctic Ocean in the
north the Atlantic Ocean to the west and
the Mediterranean Sea to the south and
the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe Has
the World’s Richest Economy
The Second Most Active Volcano in the
World is in Europe
Europe Contains Both the Smallest and
Largest Countries in the World
 It is believed that the word
Europe came from Europa
the name of one of Zeus's
wives in Greek mythology
some of the world's greatest
empires came straight out of
Europe the Roman Empire
the British and Spanish
empires and the Russian
empires
>There are six geographic regions
Central Europe, Eastern Europe,
northern Europe, southern Europe,
South Eastern Europe and Western
Europe.
>Let's look at the CENTRAL EUROPE the
climate in this area typically features
warm summers and cool winters in this
part of Europe their Germanic and
Clavic languages are spoken so you can
hear German Croatian polich Slovak
and Czech.
>The countries within EASTERN EUROPE
the most commonly spoken languages in
Eastern Europe where you can hear Russian
and Ukrainian however you can also hear
Armenian Arabic and Turkish.
>In this region in NORTHERN EUROPE we
find a sub Arctic climbing similar to the
climate in Western Alaska and in the
northern parts of the USA winters are long
cold and harch and summers are short and
cool animals the Germanic languages are
spoken in northern europe including Danish
Dutch English and Swedish.
>Let's move down to SOUTHERN
EUROPE where the winters are rainy
and the summers are hot and dry
Germanic and Slavic languages are
spoken so you can hear German
Croatian polish Slovak and Czech the
Slavic languages.
>The SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE the
climate in this area is very hot and dry
in the summer and mild and wet in the
winter the Slavic languages are spoken
in this region of Europe
>The region of WESTERN EUROPE
you can expect cool summers and
cool winters the romantic
languages of Portuguese and French
as well as their Germanic languages
of Dutch German and English also
you can hear the Celtic language
spoken in some of parts of Ireland
also called Gaelic.
Countries in Europe
>There are 45 countries in Europe today,
according to the United Nations . The full
list is shown in the table below, with
current population and subregion (based
on the United Nations official statistics).
>Not included in this total of "countries"
and listed separately are:
>Dependencies (or dependent territories,
dependent areas) or Areas of Special
Sovereignty (autonomous territories)
1 Russia 145,934,462
2 Germany 83,783,942
3 United Kingdom 67,886,011
4 France 65,273,511
5 Italy 60,461,826
6 Spain 46,754,77
7 Ukraine 43,733,762
8 Poland 37,846,611
9 Romania 19,237,691
10 Netherlands 17,134,872
11 Belgium 11,589,623
12 Czechia 10,708,981
13 Greece 10,423,054
14 Portugal 10,196,709
15 Sweden 10,099,265
16 Hungary 9,660,351
17 Belarus 9,449,323
18 Austria 9,006,398
19 Serbia 8,737,371
21 Bulgaria 6,948,445

22 Denmark 5,792,202
23 Finland 5,540,720
24 Slovakia 5,459,642
25 Norway 5,421,241

26 Ireland 4,937,786
27 Croatia 4,105,267
28 Moldova 4,033,963
29 Bosnia and
31 Lithuania 2,722,289
32 North Macedonia 2,083,374
33 Slovenia 2,078,938
34 Latvia 1,886,198
35 Kosovo 1,798,188
36 Estonia 1,326,535
37 Montenegro 628,066
38 Luxembourg 625,978
39 Malta 441,543
40 Iceland 341,243
41 Andorra 77,265
42 Monaco 39,242
43 Liechtenstein 38,128
44 San Marino 33,931
45 Holy See 801
Europe Culture
The culture of Europe is rooted in
its art, architecture, film,
different types of music,
economics, literature, and
philosophy. European culture is
largely rooted in what is often
referred to as its "common
cultural heritage".
The majority of primary culture
groups in Europe have a single
dominant religion, although the
English, German, Swiss,
Hungarian, and Netherlandic
groups are noteworthy for the
coexistence of Roman Catholicism
and Protestantism.
Christianity has been the
dominant religion shaping
European culture for at least the
last 1700 years. Modern
philosophical thought has very
much been influenced by
Christian philosophers such as
St Thomas Aquinas and
Erasmus.
And throughout most of its
history, Europe has been nearly
equivalent to Christian culture,
The Christian culture was the
predominant force in western
civilization, guiding the course
of philosophy, art, and science.
The notion of "Europe and the
Western World" has been
intimately connected with the
concept of "Christianity and
Christendom" many even
attribute Christianity for being
the link that created a unified
European identity.
Religion in the European Union (December
2018) Catholic (44.5%)
Orthodox (10.2%)
Protestant (9.9%)
Other Christian (5.0%)
No religion/Agnostic (17.0%)
Atheist (9.3%) Hindu (1.0%)
Muslim (2.1%) Buddhist (0.6%)
Jewish (0.2%) Other Religion (0.2)
The countries with the most people
reporting no belief in any sort of
spirit, god, or life force are France
(40%), Czech Republic (37%), Sweden
(34%), Netherlands (30%), Estonia
(29%), Germany (27%), Belgium
(27%) and Slovenia (26%).[4] The
most religious countries are Romania
(1% non-believers) and Malta (2%
non-believers)
 Top 10 Tourist
Destination in Europe
 Eiffel Tower
France

The Eiffel Tower is one of France's most

famous sights. Sitting in the heart of the
Champ de Mars in Paris, the wrought-
iron tower was originally built to serve
as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair.
 Colosseum
Italy
~Rome's Flavian Amphitheater, better known as the
Colosseum, remains one of the most iconic symbols
of Imperial Rome and is one of the most visited
tourist sites in Italy. It was built in AD 70—80 using
travertine limestone and volcanic rock. At the time of
its construction, and for a long time after, it was the
world's largest amphitheater and held up to 80,000
 Acropolis of
Athens, Greece

The Acropolis of Athens with the Parthenon Temple

on top of the hill at sunset Watching over Athens
from atop a rocky outcrop, the ancient citadel is
one of Greece's most famous tourist destinations.
The Acropolis' most famous buildings were all
constructed in the fifth century BC under the
watchful eye of statesman and general Pericles.
 Acropolis of
Athens, Greece

The heart of the Acropolis is the Parthenon, a temple built

to thank the gods for the victory over Persian invaders
(though it also served as the city treasury for a time).
Other prominent buildings include the gateway Propylaea
(which serves as the entrance to Acropolis), the
Erechtheion Temple (dedicated to Athena and Poseidon),
and the tiny but beautiful Temple of Athena Nike.
 Stonehenge,
England

The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge is

one of the most famous landmarks in the UK.
Built between 3000 BC and 2000 BC,
Stonehenge sits in an area of England known
for its many burial mounds.
 Louvre Museum,
France

View over the Seine River to the Louvre

Museum.The world's largest art museum, and the
most visited, sits right on the bank of the Seine
River. The original 13th-century Louvre Palace that
once stood here was expanded and rebuilt over
the centuries, resulting in the massive almost
73,000-square-meter building you see today.
 Berlin's Brandenburg
Gate, Germany

Built by orders of Prussian king Frederick

William II in the 18th century, the Brandenburg
Gate has become the symbol of Berlin. A
massive 26 meters high and over 65 meters
long, the gate is crowned by a quadriga or
chariot drawn by four horses.
 Berlin's Brandenburg
Gate, Germany

The gate owes its name to the town of Brandenburg an

der Havel as it sits where the road connecting Berlin
and Brandenburg town starts. Over the past two
centuries, the gate has had center stage in many of the
historical events that shaped Germany. It was used as a
Nazi symbol and survived WWII despite heavy damage
from explosions and shootings.
 Venice Canals,
Italy
Gondolas on the Grand Canal in Venice Italy's
magical "floating city" has a wealth of beauty,
romance, and history to please every visitor.
Over 150 canals run through Venice, connecting
118 tiny islands via some 400 bridges and a
number of walkways.
 Venice Canals,
Italy
The magic of Venice doesn't end in the water.
Charming alleyways and passageways, hidden
courtyards, and stunning examples of Gothic
and Renaissance architecture line the banks
of the canals.
 Venice Canals,
Italy

Much of the beautiful architecture can be

better appreciated from the water as you
travel under bridges and around corners of
the Grand Canal on a gondola sightseeing
tour or a vaporetto, Venice's water bus.
 The Matterhorn,
Switzerland

At 4,478 meters high, the Matterhorn is

one of the highest summits in Europe. The
stunning mountain sits right over the
Swiss town of Zermatt, on the border
between Switzerland and Italy.
 The Matterhorn,
Switzerland
A popular hiking destination in the
Alps, the Matterhorn is unique
because it's a pyramid-shaped
mountain that can be climbed on all
 Amsterdam's Canals
Netherlands

Aptly known as "the Venice of the North,"

Amsterdam is fueled by the many hundreds
of kilometers of grachten (canals) that cut
through the city. The city has three main
canals – Herengracht, Prinsengracht, and
Keizersgracht – and over 1,500 bridges
 Amsterdam's Canals
Netherlands

The Prinsengracht canal is probably the most famous

canal in the Netherlands, as a number of notable
buildings are situated along its shores. These include
Anne Frank's house; Amsterdam's tallest church,
Westerkerk; the 17th-century Deutzen Hofje house,
and a number of other impressive historical
constructions.
 The Alhambra and
Generalife Gardens,
Spain

The palace and fortress complex Alhambra –

which literally translates to "the red one" –
was originally built in 889 CE, though it didn'
achieve its current look and massive
142,000-square-meter size until the mid-
13th century.
 The Alhambra and
Generalife Gardens,
Spain

The fortress was neglected and vandalized over

the centuries, and though it was also partially
restored, it wasn't always done with great care.
Still, the Alhambra stands as one of the most
magnificent displays of Muslim art and
architecture in Spain.
Products
and
foods
1. Ferges 2. Trinxat
3. Vegemite Toast. 4. Sorrel Soup
5. Waterzooi. 6. Grah(Bean Soup)
7. Banita. 8. Black Risotto
9. Vepro Knedlo Zeli. 10.Kartofler
11. Dark Rye Bread. 12. Karjalanpiirakka
13. Soupe à l' oign. 14. Khinkali
15. Wurst. 16. Taramasalata
17. Goulash. 18. Icelandic SS Hotdog
19. Risotto. 20. Flija
21. Rye Bread. 22. Hafalaab
23. Cepelinai 24. Bouneschlupp
25. Sarma. 26. Pastizzi
27. Mamaliga. 28. Barbajuan
29. Montenegrin. 30. Soused herring
31. Sursild. 32. Pierogi
33. Broa de Milho. 34. Sarmale
35. Pierogi. 36. Sarma
37. Slovak. 38. Kranjska
39. Croquetas 40. Kanelbulle
41. Rosti Valaisanne. 42. Korovai
43. Bargers and Mash. 44. The EU
Challenges
in
Tourism
The European Union finds itself in the most
perilous quandary sine the immediate post–
World War II period. The risk is a split
between the Central European and Eastern
European member states and the majority of
the others over a diverging interest. The
changing U.S. world outlook, in particular, its
European policy, may play a decisive role. To
weather the storm five major challenges,
calling for determined leadership, clear
visions and statecraft must be overcome.
Brexit >The first one is to
negotiate the future relationship
between Britain and the EU. The
EU will reject a deal with a
neighboring country using low
taxes, low labor standards, lavish
state aids and subsidies and a
“soft” regulatory framework for
the environment, safety, etc., to
enhance its competitive position.
Carbon Neutral and Recycling-The second
one is the plan for a European green deal.
The basic idea is to achieve carbon
neutrality by 2050 and not to emit more
greenhouse gasses than is absorbed for all
twenty-seven member states. The EU is
already on its way as greenhouse gas
emissions in 2018 were 23 percent lower
than the 1990 level closing in on the
interim target of halving emissions by
2030.
Common Foreign and Security Policy
and Common Foreign Trade Policy.The
Central European and Eastern European
countries may be targeted. The majority
see the United States and not the EU as
guaranteeing their security vis-à-vis
Russia, who they fear still harbor dreams
of reestablishing a degree of influence if
not control over this part of Europe.
They are not prepared to run the risk of
antagonizing the United States.
Deepening the Integration- The fifth
challenge is to strengthen the Eurozone, a
common defense, protect the external
border and ensure that all member states
adhere to the principles underpinning the
integration. Europe still depends on the
United States for its defense as most
nations only spend between 1 and 1.5
percent of GDP on defense. What’s more is
that despite strenuous efforts over many
years, no European structure has been built
to frame a common defense.