COAL

OIL
GAS
FOSSIL
FOSSIL FUELS
GROUP NI DAVON
 WHAT IS FOSSIL FUEL?
• FOSSIL FUELS ARE REMAINS OF PLANT
AND ANIMALS THAT DIED MILLION
YEARS AGO
• MADE DURING CARBONIFEROUS
PERIOD-BEFORE THE AGE OF DINOSAURS
(360-286 MILLION YEARS AGO)
• PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY
• NATURAL AND NON-RENEWABLE
SOURCES
 HOW DOES FOSSIL FUELS
FORM

Organic
matter temperature time

Pressure
condition
 3 MAJOR TYPES OF FOSSIL
FUELS
COAL OIL NATURA
L GAS
 COA
L
COAL RANKING IS MEASURED OF THE DEGREE
OF ORGANIC METAMORPHISM OR
COALIFICATION OF COAL
COA
L
• COALS ARE FORM FROM THE REMAINS OF
FERNS, PLANTS, AND TREES + PRESSURE
AND HEAT.

• COAL IS A BLACK OR DARK BROWN

COMBUSTIBLE ROCK MADE IN CARBON.

• TO EXTRACT COAL, IT NEEDS TO BE DUG OUT

(underground mining or surface mining)

COAL IS CLASSIFIED BY ITS CARBON CONTENT

 TYPES OF COAL

ANTHRACITE BITUMINOUS
RANK 1 RANK 2

SUB- LIGNITE
BITUMINOUS
RANK 3 RANK 4
ANTHRACITE

• HIGHEST RANKING COAL (composed of 86%

- 97% of carbon)
• A HARD, BRITTLE, AND BLACK LUSTROUS
COAL (hard coal)
• CLEANEST TYPE OF COAL
• Ex. Can use for domestic fuel
• PRODUCE LESS SMOKE AND FLAMES
BITUMINOUS

• HIGH HEATING VALUE (composed of 45% -

86% of carbon)
• COMMON COAL USED FOR ELECTRICITY
AND STEEL PRODUCTION
• ALSO CALLED “SOFT COAL”
• SMOOTH AND SHINY AT FIRST GLANCE.
but when you look closely, you can see that it has
layers
SUB-BITUMINOUS

• HIGH HEATING VALUE COMPARED TO

LIGNITE (35% - 45% of carbon)
• BLACK COLOR AND DULL
• USED FOR STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER
GENERATION (used in power plants)
• CAN BE CONVERTED INTO PETROLEUM
AND GAS
LIGNITE

• LEAST CONCENTRATED CARBON (25% -

35% of carbon)
• ALSO CALLED “BROWN COAL”
• CAN BE USED AS FERTILIZER AND STEAM
– ELECTRIC GENERATION
 HOW CAN WE IDENTIFY WHICH IS
WHICH ?
BITUMINOUS LIGNITE
• Has layers up-close • Brown colored coal
• alternating shiny and dull
layers

ANTHRACITE SUB-BITUMINOUS
• Metallic luster color Dull black color
• Produce less smoke and
flame when burned
COAL CAN BE BURN FOR
HEATING OR TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY
 HIGH QUALITIY COAL
CAN BE USED AS A RAW
COKE MATERIAL
- COKING COAL IS PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL.
- MADE BY HEATING COAL IN THE SUBSTANCE OF AIR.
- COAL IS PRIMARY FUEL WHILE COKE IS SECONDARY FUEL
OIL
 OIL
• OILS ARE FORM FROM THE SMALL
ORGANISM SUCH AS PLANKTON AND
ALGAE.

• BURRIED IN MUD AT THE BOTTOM OF LAKES

AND SEA
• ORGANISM UNDERNEATH BODIES OF WATER
TURN INTO KEROGEN
• USED TO PRODUCE TRANSPORTATION
FUELS AND PETROLEUM BASED PRODUCTS
• OIL IS A HYDROCARBON
• IN ORDER TO GET OIL, IT MUST BE DRILLED
OUT OR BREAK THE IMPERMEABLE ROCK
IN ORDER TO RELEASE THE OIL
 HOW CAN WE FIND OIL DEPOSITS ?
• GEOLOGIST USES:
SEISMIC SURVEYS – uses reflective sound waves
 HOW CAN WE FIND OIL DEPOSITS ?
• GEOLOGIST USES:
GRAVITATIONAL SURVEYS – MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD
IN UNVEILING UNEXPOSED AND DEEP-SEATED
STRUCTURES
GA
S
GAS
• GAS ARE FORM FROM THE SMALL
ORGANISM SUCH AS PLANKTON AND
ALGAE + MORE HEAT AND PRESSURE
• GAS IS PRIMARLY METHANE (+ SMALL
QUANTITIES OF HYDRO CARBON)
• COMPRESSION AND TEMPERATURE BREAKS
DOWN ORGANIC MATTER AND CARBON
BONDS = NATURAL GAS
• CAN BE FOUND THROUGH UNDERGROUND
ROCKS CALLED RESERVOIRS
• TRAPPED BY IMPERMEABLE ROCK CALLED
CAP ROCK
 TYPES OF NATURAL GAS

DRY WET

• MOSTLY • HAS COMPOUNDS

METHANE LIKE PROPANE AND
BUTANE
EXERCISES
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR AN ORGANISM TO BE CONSIDERED AS FOSSIL

A.10,000 YEARS
B.100,000 YEARS
C.1,000,000 YEARS
D.1,000,000,000
 FORMATION OF COAL

A. PLANTS, FERNS, TREES + HEAT & PRESSURE

B. ALGAE + HEAT AND PRESSURE
C. PLANTS, FERNS , TREES
D. ROCK + HEAT AND PRESSURE
 WHEN MICRO ORGANISM AND PLANTS DIE
ORGANISM UNDERNEATH BODIES OF WATER TURN
INTO?

A. COAL
B. KEROGEN
C. KERATIN
D. COKE
IT CAN BE USED AS FERTILIZER AND STEM-ELECTRIC
GENERATION

A. COAL
B. LIGNITE
C. BITUMINOUS
D. COKE
GAS ARE FORM FROM THE SMALL ORGANISM SUCH
AS PLANKTON AND ALGAE + MORE HEAT AND
PRESSURE

A. OIL
B. COAL
C. PLANT
D. GAS