IV.

THE DYNAMICS
OF BEHAVIOR
By:
FRENNY JEAN S. ROLDAN
MAEd- Advanced Science Education
Intelligence
 What is Intelligence?
 the ability to learn, understand, and
make judgments or have opinions that
are based on reason
-Cambridge dictionary
 the ability to acquire and apply
knowledge and skills.
– Oxford Languages dictionary
What shapes Intelligence?

1 GENETICS

2 ENVIRONMENT
Evidence of Genetic Influences on
Intelligence

1 Identical Twins vs. Fraternal Twins

2 Siblings vs. Adopted children

Evidence of Environmental Influences on
Intelligence

1 Identical Twins

Raised separately vs. Raised in

1.1 the same household

First born children vs. Later-born

2 siblings
 Intelligence Tests

• Are a series of questions and other exercises which attempt to asses

people’s mental abilities in a way that generates a numerical score so
that one person can be compared to another.
 Intelligence Tests

Stanford-Binet Intelligence
1 Scale (SBIS)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence
2 Scale (WAIS)
 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS)

• A cognitive ability and intelligence test

that is used to diagnose developmental
or intellectual deficiencies in young
children.

Alfred Binet
 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS)

(superior/Above-average intelligence)

A child with a mental age of 12 and a chronological age of

10 would have an IQ of 120: (12÷10) x 100 = 120.
 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

• designed to measure intelligence in

adults and older adolescents.

David Wechsler
 STAFORD BINET vs. WAIS
Stanford-Binet
Developed in 1939
Developed for use with children
Emphasizes timed tests
Produces only a single, general
intelligence score
WAIS
Introduced in 1955
Created to be used with adults
Contains some timed subtests
Provides a number of different scores
Developed to address weaknesses in
Stanford-Binet
MOTIVATION
What is Motivation?

Motivation is the process that

initiates, guides, and maintains
goal-oriented behaviors.
Refers to the dynamics of our
behavior, which involves our needs,
desires, drives, motives and
ambitions in life.
 Need vs. Motives vs. Drive
Need Motive Drive
• something that is • needs that are
necessary for
• based on needs triggered by
organisms to live a • activated by deprivation are
healthy life environment known as drives
• innate & related to • the force that
survival (water, • the course of
oxygen) action the goads the
organism takes organism to satisfy
• objective and
the needs
physical. when faced with
• subjective and a drive • sustains
psychological. motivation
 Need vs. Motives vs. Drive
• My body needs nutrients in order to survive. 2) This need results in
psychological and physiological discomfort, AKA a drive: hunger. 3) As a
result of my hunger, I order take-out. My motive for doing this is that I
want food.
 What is Unconscious Motivation?

• refers to hidden and unknown desires that

are the real reasons for things that people
do.
 What is Unconscious Motivation?

Example:
• When someone is unable to stay in a long-term relationship and always finds
a reason to break off his relationships. He may insist that there is a rational
explanation for leaving a relationship, but his actions may actually be driven
by an unconscious desire for love and belongingness, and an overwhelming
fear of rejection. Deep down, he wants and needs to be in a loving
relationship, but he find ways and reasons to put an end to the relationship
so as to avoid being rejected.
 What is Unconscious Motivation?

Example:
Why Andy became a bully
When Andy was 9, he was bullied in school for the first time. Then followed a series of incidences
of him getting bullied and these incidents were obviously very painful and he felt humiliated.
He was emotionally wounded and his self-esteem got damaged. He just didn’t know how to deal
with it and thought that he’d soon forget about it and move on.
Move on he did, but not his unconscious mind. Our unconscious mind is like a friend who is
watching over us and making sure that we are happy and free from pain.
 What is Unconscious Motivation?

Example:
Andy didn’t know how to deal with his situation but his unconscious mind was secretly working on a defence plan.
Andy’s unconscious mind understood that getting bullied is harmful to Andy’s self-worth and self-esteem so it had to make
sure that Andy doesn’t get bullied again.
So what was the plan it came up with?“ Bully others before they bully you! Protect yourself by overpowering them and
showing them that you are not the one they should be messing with! The trick worked and Andy was hardly bullied because he
became a bully himself and no one bullies a bully. But this behaviour caused him a lot of problems.
He himself didn’t understand why he was doing it till one day he came across an article about unconscious motivation and
understood his unconscious motivation behind bullying others. Then things started to change and he began to heal his emotional
wound. Awareness is the key to change.
Emotional Behavior
 What is an Emotion?
• a conscious and subjective mental reaction toward a
particular event and is usually accompanied by
changes in the physiologic and behavioral aspects of
a person.
- Merriam-Webster
 Aspects of Emotion
Emotional experiences have three components:

Subjective The experience that produces

1 Experience emotions can be highly subjective

Physiological The result of the autonomic nervous

2 Responses
system’s reaction to the emotion
we’re experiencing

Behavioral
3 Responses
The actual expression of emotion
How do Negative Emotions Affects
Us?

Negative emotions can

cause stress.
 What is Stress?
• Is any type of change that causes physical,
emotional, or psychological strain.
• Your body's response to anything that requires
attention or action. 
 Common Signs of Stress
 Changes in mood  Feeling anxious
 Clammy or sweaty palms  Frequent sickness
 Decreased sex drive  Grinding teeth

 Diarrhea  Headaches

 Difficulty sleeping  Low energy

 Digestive problems  Muscle tension, especially in the

neck and shoulders
 Dizziness
 Physical aches and pains
Stress and Coping Skills
 Healthy Ways to Cope with Stress
• Take breaks from watching, reading, or listening to news stories,
including those on social media.
• Take care of yourself. 
• Make time to unwind.
• Talk to others. 
• Connect with your community- or faith-based organizations.
• Avoid drugs and alcohol
• Recognize when you need more help