U

PROJECT RESEARCH ON

GEOPHYSICAL 2D FORWARD MODELING OF AIRBORNE MAGNETIC

DATA OVER JEMAA, KADUNA STATE NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA.

By MUHAMMAD NASIDI ABUBAKAR

INSTRUCTOR:Mr aliyu lawan
DATE:10/06/2022
 INTRODUCTION

Aeromagnetic survey is a common type of

geophysical survey carried out using a
magnetometer aboard or towed behind an
aircraft. The principle is similar to a magnetic
survey carried out with a hand-held
magnetometer, but allows much larger areas of
the Earth's surface to be covered quickly for
regional reconnaissance. (Usman et al, 2019).Atf
This observation is often explained using
magnetic profiles and maps of magnetic
lineaments. Magnetic minerals can be mapped
from the surface to greater depths in crustal
rocks depending on the dimension, shape, and
magnetic properties of the rock.
The process begins by collecting information
about the research requirements from magnetic
data holders and end USERS.Tdm
 Previous Geophysical Works

Adetona and Abu (2013).

Nabighian., (2005).
Nettleton, (1954).
Usman et al., (2019). TUGM
 Statement of the Research Problem

A vast majority of most of the solid minerals

TECG

inside the homogeneous earth are yet to be tapped

or harness for economic purpose therefore, it is
expedient to conduct and carry out a geophysical
survey around regions whose economic benefits can
be harnessed with relative ease by employing
magnetic prospecting for such solid minerals
sufficiently available in the area.
 Significance of the Study

In accordance to the Nigerian government and its

economic policy towards exploring mineral resources which
are of great importance to the country, solid minerals are
widespread in the southwestern and north western part of
Nigeria and hence the need to study the mineral controlled
structures responsible for hosting such minerals in areas
that are prone to such mineralization, however, we hope it
will also provide a better understanding of the bedrock
geological setup of the surveyed regions.
 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of this study is to develop a 2D
forward model of airborne magnetic data along
Jemaa area of Kaduna, Northwestern Nigeria.

The Specified Objectives Includes:

i. To interpret aeromagnetic data
ii. To estimate the depth and slopes
iii.To create synthetic 2D magnetic data
models from given airborne magnetic data.
 Location and Geology of the area
The research area is located
in the Kaduna south, Nigeria
within the basement complex
rocks of north Nigeria. It
lies between latitude 90 00’
to 100 00’ North and between
longitude 70 30’ to 80 30’
East (Figure 1.0). Some
earlier researchers in the
area focused on the local
geology Figure 1: showing the location of the study area
 Geology of the Study Area
The area of study is underlained
by the rock of basement complex
of North central Nigeria consisting
of migmatites, granites gneisses,
granite, newer basalts, laterites
and alluvium (Okezie 1970). The
migmatites exhibit a granoblastic
texture and foliation and are
characterized with light and dark
bands, visible minerals includes
quartz, biotite and plagioclase.
Figure 2: Geological map of the study area (After NGSA, 2006)
 DATA ACQUISITION
The data were acquired at a flight
altitude of 80m along a series of NE – SW
flight lines with a spacing of 500m. The
data were made available in the form of
contoured map on a scale of 1:100,000 and
in half degree sheets. Most of the
anomalies trend NW – SE, NE – SW
directions with some trending in the E – W
direction.
 Result and Discussion

The total magnetic

intensity map in the figure
below reavels magnetic
intensity value ranging from
-24.0 to 83.1 nT with high
magnetic intensity
prominently found along the
NE/SW trend.
 Residual Contour and Topographic Map
The map in the figure 4, shows
the anomalous field contours
found along the eastern and
western half, depicting linear
trends of anomalous
discontinuity trending NE/SW, Figure 4: Contour map

with map figure (5) highlighting

the 3-D topographical setup of
the linear structure with the
orientation of field anomalies
clearly spelt out.
Figure 5: Topography
 Residual Map

The map in the figure 6

below represents the
residual field value which
represents response to
target structures, which
are our anomalies of
geological interest. This
map revels magnetic field
intensity value ranging from
-36.75 to 72.36 nT. Figure 6: Residual map of the study area.
 First vertical derivative map
The first order enhanced map in
figure 7, shows anomalous
lineament trending NE/SW with
major fault line passing through
the central portion indicating
anomalous discontinuity of dike-
like structures which are
probable lineament of
structurally controlled mineral
deposits with magnetic intensity
ranging from -0.037 to 0.038
Figure (7): First vertical derivative map.
nT/m.
 Upward Continuation Map

The deeper depth elevation

map in figure 8 below shows
the anomalies more
pronounced and concentrated
along the central portion of
the area under study with
magnetic intensity reading
ranging 12.612 to 13.731
nT/m.
Figure (8): Upward
 Analytic Signal Amplitude

The map in figure 9

represents the
analytical signal-map of
the area with magnetic
amplitude ranging from
0.002 to 0.099 nT. This
agrees very well with the
result of the enhanced
1st order map.
Figure (9): Signal analytic
 Tilt Edge Angle Map

The map in figure 10

represents the tilt edge
map of the area with
magnetic intensity of
0.0001 to 0.006 nT/m.
The map clearly shows
the orientation.

Figure 10: Tilt edge

 Shaded Signal Map

The map in figure 11

shows a shaded signal
map with only a few
number of solutions
having depths below
200m. It also
corresponds to the field
anomalies obviously.
Figure 11: Shaded signal map
 Euler deconvolution

The map in figure 11 reveals

that the first vertical
derivative of the Euler
map, which has an average
depth range of 119.7 m to
1744.7 m, clusters around
the area where the
geological structures
(lineaments) are situated.
Figure 11: Euler

deconvolution
 2-D Forward Modeling
The modeled field of the area
shown in figure 12 depicts the
upward continuation map
shown in figure (5) which
corresponds to the central
portion shape of the area
under study. Also the modeled
field has a very negligible
error = 2.691, depicting the
magnetic line as observed in Figure (12): Modeled field of the study area.

the figure below.

 Conclusion

In conclusion, the subsurface geophysical and

geological features of the study area have
understood through the processing, interpretation,
and modelling of the aeromagnetic data. The digital
aeromagnetic maps and modelling that had found
indicate that the Jemaa, which is basement terrain,
is very rich in mineralization. In the area, the
interpretation revealed intrusive bodies and dike-
like structures.
 Recommendations

Based on the results of the work, it has

recommended for further studies that:
i. Similar interpretation and modeling is to be
carried out in another area and the number of
data sheet need to be increased;

ii. The actual field magnetic susceptibility need to

be investigated to compare with the theoretical
result;
 REFERENCES
Adetona AA, Abu M (2013). Investigating the structures within the Lower Benue and upper
Anambra Basins, Nigeria, using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Center
for Exploration Targeting Plug-in. Earth Sci. 2(5):104‒112.

Ajibade, A.C., (1982). The Origin of the Older Granite of Nigeria: Some evidence from the
Zungeru region. Nigeria Jour. Of Min. and Geol., 19, 223-230.

Bertete-Aguirre, H., Cherkaev, E. & Oristaglio, M., (2002). Non-smooth gravity problem with
total variation penalization functional, Geophys. J. Int., 149, 499–507.

Bhattacharyya,B.K.,(1964).Magnetic anomalies due to prism-shaped bodies with arbitrary

polarization, Geophysics, 29, 517–531.

Blakely,J.R.,(1996). Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 441 pp.
Thank
You