Unit 2 Games and sports

• Revival (n) a process in which something becomes active or

strong again
• Hinged (adj) attached something with hinge
• Lacquered (adj) a liquid painted onto metal or wood to form a
hard shiny surface
• Tournament (n) competition
• Expertise (n) special skills
Hinge             lacquer
 Formal, objective

Passives in Avoid emphasis on the performers

of the verbs
informative
writing Humans are not necessary focus

More polite (It should be sent. /

You should send it.)
Prefixes &
Suffixes 
Parenthesis (Use of commas, dashes, brackets)
• Part of a sentence that can be left out
• Grammatically unnecessary 
• Extra information 
• Giving examples (Between two dashes)
• Extra thought at the end of a sentence (a single dash)
• A piece which can be cut out (two commas)
• Need more than one parenthesis – use a mixture of different types)
• Open a parenthesis and make sure to close it
The rules for the board game snakes (or
chutes) and ladders

• Dice / die
Chute Token
Defining & Non-defining Relative Clauses

No comma Between commas

Necessary information about
thing or person mentioned
Cannot be separated from
the rest of the sentence
e.g. I called my sister who lives
in New York.
Extra information about
someone or something
Can be separated from the
rest of the sentence
e.g. My sister, who lives in
New York, is older.
We can use "that"
We can use "that" instead
of "who/ which"
e.g. That's the mug which/
that I bought in Paris.
        I didn't know the man
who/ that was there.
We cannot use "that"
• We cannot use "that"
instead of "who/ which"
e.g. These bikes, which cost a
fortune, are made in Japan.
Relative Pronouns can be Relative Pronouns
omitted cannot be omitted

We can omit who/ which/ that • We cannot omit who/ which/

when they are followed by that.
SUBJECT+ VERB. e.g. They introduced me to John,
e.g. Do you like the song (which/ who I liked immediately.
that) I wrote?
       That's the man (who/ that) I
like.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
1. December, which Christmas is celebrated in, is a summer
month for the southern hemisphere.
2. December, when Christmas is celebrated, is a summer
month for the southern hemisphere.
3. December, which is my favourite month, fills with festivals.
4. City Park, which we used to go to, has been closed down.
5. City Park, where we used to go, has been closed down.
6. Centre Park, which we love, is always really busy on
Sundays.
Kung fu nuns
• Pilgrim (n) religious person who travel to holy place
• Devotee (n) very religious person
• Martial arts (n) a sport like judo or karate, in which you fight with your
hands and feet, developed in Eastern Asia
• Nunnery (n) a building where nuns live (a kind of monastery)
• Spiritual (adj) religious
• Sect (n) group of people
• Disciplined (adj) obeying rules and controlling behaviours
• Inferior (n) lower in rank
Bhutan (a landlocked country in the Eastern
Himalayas, located between China and India)
Amitabha (n) the Buddha of the Western
Pure Land (Sanskrit: Infinite Light)

• https://youtu.be/g2WwoVN7GPQ
• Drukpa - "Red Hat sect" in older sources,[a branch of
the school of Tibetan Buddhism
Gyalwang Drukp
a
• The 12th Gyalwang
Drukpa, Jigmet Pema
Wangchen, is the head of
the Drukpa Lineage
school, which is one of the
independent Sarma
schools of Tibetan
Buddhism.
Kathamandu (Capital of Nepal)
Nunnery (outside Kathmandu)
Jetsunma Tenzin
Palmo (A senior
Buddhist nun)
Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo's nunnery in the
Indian state of Himachal Pradesh
6 a. pilgrims (n) religious travellers
        Meditation (n) long and deep reflection
        Disciplined (adj) strict
        Inferior (adj) lower in rank
        Dramatically (adv) spectacularly

6 b. conference, nunnery, devotees, fighting, instructor, Holiness, leader,

introduction, importance, meditation, happiness, safety, afternoon,
servant, kitchen-worker, gardener, monastery, self-confidence, education
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tombola (a lottery-style board game which
originated in Southern Italy)
Pula (a city in Croatia)
Dubrovnik (a city in Croatia)
8a. Narrative – e.g. In Srdjan's parcel we put a nice New Year's present for
                                him to give to some child in Dubrovnik.
       Description – e.g. The cake will be shaped like a butterfly
       Opinion – It's a nice little package
       Fact – It's my birthday tomorrow
       Thought – I'll have to take a deep breath
        Feeling – hoping to bring happiness
8b. Present simple, present continuous
       Past simple, future continuous
       Present perfect, conditional
       The effect of the range of tenses makes the text seems spontaneous,
varied and lively.
8c. The indicators – 
 Domestic and childish content
 Enthusiastic, naïve tone
 Simple or compound sentences, some of them are short
 Sentences all begin with a subject
 Repetition (the verb 'hope')
 Simple or monosyllabic vocabulary (mummy, nice, little, sweet)
• Seize (v) take hold of suddenly and forcibly
• Snatch (v) quickly seize
• Out of the blocks (idiom) at or from the very starting position
• Set (n) in scoring, a player must win at least six games to win a set
• Break (v) to beat an opponent in a game in which the opponent is
serving
• Break lead (n) a popular strategy that can be used when trading WTA
tennis games is to make a lay bet after a player has broken a serve
and held one as well
• Break back (v)to win a game as the receiving player or
team immediately after losing the previous game 
• Tiebreak/ tiebreaker (n) a game format used to quickly finish a set
that's tied at six games each
• Service/ serve (v) the shot that begins each point, in which the server
hits the ball after tossing it into the air
•  Enthralling (adj) fascinating
• Crucial (adj) decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of
something
• Momentum (n) the quantity of motion of a moving body
• Decider (n) the final game/ match
• Forehand (n) a shot hit from the racket-arm side of the body
• Utterly (adv) absolutely
• Ruthless (adj)having or showing no pity or compassion for others
• Suit (n) any of the sets into which a pack of playing cards is divided (in
conventional packs comprising spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs)
• Depict (v) represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form
• Randomise (v) make unpredictable, unsystematic, or random in order
or arrangement
• Pack/ deck (n) a complete set of cards
Suit
• Ace
Knave or Jack