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Conics 1
Conics 1
2 2 2
Standard Equation: ( x h) ( y k ) r
CENTER: (h, k) (h , k)
h
k r²
Center: (h , k ) ( 2 , 8 )
Radius: r 9
Example 2
2 2
x ( y 1) 1
Center ?
Radius ?
Ellipses
• Salami is often cut obliquely to obtain
elliptical slices, which are larger.
Ellipses
Basically, an ellipse is a squished circle
Standard Equation:
(h , k)
a
b
Center: (h,k)
a: major radius, length from center to edge of circle
b: minor radius, length from center to top/bottom of circle
* You must square root the denominator
History
•Early Greek astronomers thought that the planets
moved in circular orbits about an unmoving earth, since
the circle is the simplest mathematical curve.
•In the 17th century, Johannes Kepler eventually
discovered that each planet travels around the sun in an
elliptical orbit with the sun at one of its foci.
Science
• On a far smaller
scale, the electrons of
an atom move in an
approximately
elliptical orbit with the
nucleus at one focus.
• Any cylinder sliced
on an angle will
reveal an ellipse in
cross-section
• (as seen in the
Tycho Brahe
Planetarium in
Copenhagen).
Properties of Ellipses
• The ellipse has an important property that
is used in the reflection of light and sound
waves.
• Any light or signal that starts at one focus
will be reflected to the other focus.
• The principle is also
used in the construction
of "whispering galleries"
such as in St. Paul's
Cathedral in London.
• If a person whispers
near one focus, he can
be heard at the other
focus, although he
cannot be heard at
many places in between.
Example 3
This must
equal 1
2 2
( x 4) ( y 5)
1
25 4
a²
b2
Center: (-4 , 5)
a: 5
b: 2
Parabolas
vertex
Parabolas
vertex
Standard Equations:
( x h) 2 4 p ( y k ) ( y k ) 2 4 p ( x h)
Example 5
2
5 x 125( y 2)
opens
What is the vertex? (0 , 2) How does it open?
right
The Hyperbola
• If a right circular cone is
intersected by a plane
perpendicular to its axis, part of
a hyperbola is formed.
• Such an intersection can occur
in physical situations as simple
as sharpening a pencil that
has a polygonal cross section
or in the patterns formed on a
wall by a lamp shade.
Hyperbolas
Hyperbolas
Looks like: two parabolas, back to back.
Center: (h , k) Standard Equations:
2 2 2 2
( x h) ( y k) ( y k) ( x h)
2
2
1 2
2
1
a b a b
(h , k)
(h , k)
Hyperbolas – Transverse Axis
Hyperbolas - Application
A sonic boom shock wave
has the shape of a cone,
and it intersects the ground
in part of a hyperbola. It
hits every point on this
curve at the same time, so
that people in different
places along the curve on
the ground hear it at the
same time. Because the
airplane is moving forward,
the hyperbolic curve moves
forward and eventually the
boom can be heard by
everyone in its path.
Example 6
2 2
( x 4) ( y 5)
1
25 4
Center: (-4 , 5)
•http://hotmath.com/hotmath_help/topics/parabolas.html
•http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/
Hyperbola_(PSF).png
•http://www.funwearsports.com/NHL/CAPITALS/
WCDomedHockeyPuck.gif
•Mathwarehouse.com
•http://britton.disted.camosun.bc.ca/jbconics.htm
•schools.paulding.k12.ga.us/.../
Introduction_to_Conics.ppt