PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS

Lord of light and wisdom, grant us bright intellect,

sound judgment and retentive memory. Help us to
study patiently, orderly and diligently to develop our
gifts and make good use of them according to your
will, as we commit ourselves to the truth and courage,
for God and country. Amen.
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION HAPPENS
WHEN INDIVIDUALS INTERACT,
NEGOTIATE, AND CREATE
MEANING WHILE BRINGING IN
THEIR VARIED CULTURAL
BACKGROUNDS (TING-TOOMEY,
1999).
FOR SOME SCHOLARS,
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
PERTAINS TO COMMUNICATION AMONG
PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT
NATIONALITIES (GUDYKUNST, 2003).
STILL, OTHERS LOOK AT IT AS
COMMUNICATION THAT IS INFLUENCED
BY DIFFERENT ENTHNICITIES,
RELIGIONS, AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION.
 PROBLEMS
IN INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
1. MESSAGE TRANSMISSION. In communication
between people of the same culture, the receiver
interprets the message similar to what the sender
intended. However, when the receiver of the message has
different culture, the receiver uses information from his
or her culture to interpret the message. Thus, it may
differ.
 PROBLEMS
IN INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
2. ATTRIBUTION. It is the process in which people
look for an explanation of another person’s behavior.
When someone does not understand another, he/ she
usually blames the confusion on the other’s “stupidity,
deceit, or craziness.”
 PROBLEMS
IN INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
3. INFORMAL UNDERSTANDING. Effective
communication depends on the parties involved that are
based on the trust developed between them. When trust
exists, there is implicit understanding within
communication. Cultural differences may be overlooked,
and problems can be dealt with more easily.
 PROBLEMS
IN INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
4. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION. It’s the
behavior that communicates without words- though it is
often may be accompanied by words. Minor variations in
body language, speech rhythms, and punctuality often
cause mistrust and misperception of the situation among
cross-cultural parties.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL
MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSITIVITY (DMIS)
-THE “DMIS” OFFERS A STRUCTURE THAT
EXPLORES HOW PEOPLE EXPERIENCE
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.
SIX STAGES OF DMIS
1 DENIAL
2 DEFENSE
3 MINIMIZATION
4 ACCEPTENCE
5 ADAPTATION
6 INTEGRATION
 STAGE 1- DENIAL

-THE INDIVIDUAL DOESN’T RECOGNIZE

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.

EX. “ALL CITIES ARE THE SAME, THEY

ALL HAVE TALL BUILDINGS, FAST FOOD
AND COFFEE SHOPS.”
STAGE 2- DEFENSE
-THE INDIVIDUAL STARTS TO RECOGNIZE
DIFFERENCES AND IS INTIMIDATED BY
THEM, RESULTING IN EITHER A SUPERIOR
VIEW ON OWN CULTURE OR AN UNJUSTIFIED
HIGH REGARD FOR THE NEW ONE.

EX. -“THIS CULTURE DOES NOT VIEW LIFE

THE WAY WE DO; OUR CULTURE IS BETTER.”
-“THEIR WAYS ARE BETTER THAN MY OWN;
I WISH I WERE ONE OF THEM.”
STAGE 3- MINIMIZATION
-ALTHOUGH INDIVIDUAL SEE CULTURAL
DIFFERENCES, THEY BANK MORE ON
THE UNIVERSALITY OF IDEAS RATHER
THAN ON CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.

EX. “ONCE WE SEE CULTURAL

DIFFERENCES, WE ARE REALLY JUST
THE SAME.”
STAGE 4- ACCEPTANCE
-THE INDIVIDUAL BEGINS TO
APPRECIATE IMPORTANT CULTURAL
DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIORS AND
EVENTUALLY IN VALUES.

EX. “THESE PEOPLE AND I HAVE

DIFFERENT VALUES AND EXERIENCES,
AND I THINK WE CAN LEARN FROM EACH
OTHER.”
STAGE 5- ADAPTATION
-THE INDIVIDUAL IS VERY OPEN TO
WORLD VIEWS WHEN ACCEPTING NEW
PERSPECTIVE.

EX. “TO ADDRESS OUR ISSUES, I HAVE

TO ADJUST MY APPROACH TO CONSIDER
BOTH MY OWN AND MY COUNTERPART’S
BACKGROUND.”
STAGE 6- INTEGRATION
-THE INDIVIDUAL STARTS TO GO
BEYOND HIS OWN CULTURE AND SEE
HIMSELF AND HIS ACTIONS BASED ON
MULTIFARIOUS CULTURAL VIEWPOINTS.

EX. “I CAN SEE THINGS FROM THE

PRSPECTIVE OF VARIOUS CULTURES.”
COMPONENTS OF
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
CONTEXT
- IT REFERS TO THE STIMULI,
ENVIRONMENT OR AMBIANCE
SURROUNDING AN EVENT.
CONSIDERING THE CONTEXT
IMPROVES ITS EFFECTIVENESS.
CONTEXT TAKES INTO
CONSIDERATION THE AGE, REGION,
SEX AND INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITIES.
LISTENING
- IT IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION. SUCCESSFUL
LISTENING IS NOT SIMPLY
UNDERSTANDING THE WORDS OR THE
INFORMATION BEING COMMUNICATED,
BUT UNDERSTANDING HOW THE
SPEAKER FEELS ABOUT WHAT THEY’RE
COMMUNICATING.