COMMUNICATI

ON AND
GLOBALIZATIO
N
Chapter 2
 Globalization - the process of bringing people together and
making them interact and exchange ideas across traditional
borders. (Nowaczyk, 2017)

“the world, driven largely by advances in technology, has

become inextricably interconnected across distances and other
boundaries.’ “(Downing, 2007)

Globalization is the “increasing economic, political, and

cultural integration and interdepended of diverse cultures”
People differ primarily
because of culture
 Culture
The learned and shared behavior of a community of
interacting human beings” or as “a system if beliefs,
assumptions and values shared by a group of people”

Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about

beliefs, values, and norms that affect the behaviors of
a relatively large group of people”
 Characteristics of
Cultures
1. Cultures are learned , not innate,
2. Cultures are shared
3. Cultures are multifaceted.
4. Cultures are dynamic.
5. Cultural identities are overlapping.
Adaptation to New Culture
People use several ways of adapting to new cultures:
(a) Cultural Integration – a form of cultural exchange in which
one group assumes the belief, practices, and rituals of
another group without sacrificing the characteristics of its
own culture.

(b) Cultural assimilation – occurs when members of one

cultural group adopt the language, practices, and beliefs of
another group, often losing aspects of their traditional
culture in the process.
The counterpart to cultural assimilation is multiculturalism, in
which cultural diversity is encouraged and valued as beneficial
to society.

Multiculturalism is the belief that cultures, races, and

ethnicities, particularly those of minority groups, should be
accorded special acknowledgement of their differences within a
dominant political culture.
© Cultural accommodation – refers to the process by which
individuals may take on values and belief of the host culture in
the private sphere.

On the extreme end, when one cultural group refuses to interact

or join the dominant culture, this attitude is called separation;
members of this group prefer to interact with the members if
their own culture, so they are often known as outsider.
The nature of
common cultural
differences
 Diversity is a fact of life in today’s world. When you think
about different cultures, you do not anymore think of people
living in faraway, even exotic places. You do not need to travel
abroad to find cultural differences. Many societies everywhere
in the world is a cross-section of many people and cultures. Wit
the increase in international trade and immigration, the
likelihood of working with people form different parts of the
world, and hence, cultural differences, is greater than ever.
1. Leadership – the power or influence – the right to
manipulate the outcome of health, welfare, and critical
decisions of protection.
2. Work Productivity – A bipolar (marked by
opposite extremes) characteristics of being
“masculine "or “feminine” exists in the work force or
a family organization.
3. Group Allegiance
Individual orientation (individualism), an individual
can change the standards of the culture, but in a group
orientation.
Collectivism – emphasis in on the group sacrificing
everything for the sake of the group can change the
culture.
4. Task Commitment. The focus is on elements
controlling the group, such as tradition and
commitment to the group (high – context culture)
versus the individual (low – context culture).
Communicating within and
Across Cultures

Communication between and among

individuals is difficult because we use verbal
and nonverbal symbol that vary depending on
cultural differences.
Some cultural differences, however, may defy our ethical principles (or sense
of what is right or wrong)

1. Avoiding – We may refuse to comply or do business in cultures

that operate according to ethical principles that differ from ours.
2. Accommodating – We can accept the different ethical system
and conform to practices different from ours.
3. Forcing – We can insist on doing business in a way we believe
is ethically proper.
4. Educating- Persuading – We can try to convince the people with
whom we want to do business why our ethical principle is more
appropriate.
5. Negotiating-Compromising – We and the other party can each
give up something to negotiate a settlement.
6. Collaborating – Problem Solving. We can work with other party
to face the problem directly and reach a mutually satisfying
solution.
Intercultural
Communication
Intercultural Communication
Communication is the active relationship established between
people through language and intercultural means.
Communicative relationship is between people different
cultures, where culture is the structured manifestation of human
behavior social life within specific national and local contexts.
Intercultural communication is the verbal and nonverbal
interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds.
Principles of
Intercultural
Communication
 Intercultural communication happens when
different people form diverse backgrounds
meet and talk with each other.
This discipline is important because it gives us
an insight on how to behave when we meet
people from different cultures, belief and
religion.
 Intercultural Communication covers
inter-ethnic communication - existing or occurring between two or
more ethnic groups
inter - religious communication - between members of two or more
religions interreligious marriages an interreligious community.

inter- regional communication- existing between two or more

regions interregional communication/trade.

Sexuality - is about your sexual feelings, thoughts, attractions and

behaviors towards other people. as well as communication among
individuals of different sexual orientations.
Common Problems in Interculrural
Communication
Bigotry - A bigot is a person who holds opinions and prejudices
against a racial, ethnic, or religious group, and/or treats the
members of such groups with hatred and intolerance.

the term also applies to a person who attritubes any unworthy or

dogmatic generalization against a group just because some of
their numbers have been so classified or descrribed.
Dogmatic
a dogmatic is a person who believes that his beliefs or held
opinions or doctrines, are unbendable, infallible or absolutely
true or correct and therefore he, as a beliver, has a moral and
intellectual right to impose the same on others with no
reservations.
Fanatic
A fanatic is a person who sees no wrong on a group, a person,
or a principles, despite proofs or evident falsity of his
perceptions.
these are person filled with excessive and single-minded zeal,
especially for an extreme religious or political cause.
Racist
A racist believes his nationality, race, or ethic group is superior
over other groups, and on the basis of such belief, thinks his
group has a right to subject others to insult, discrimination or
rejection.
Guidelines on Developing
Intercultural Competence

Bear in mind that “just about every person you meet belongs to
a different culture in some way” and whoever he may be,
whatever his culture or subculture is, and however different
this culture or subculture is from yours, he deserves to be
treated with respect like the way you would want to be treated
as a decent human being.
Here are some suggestions on how you can become open minded –
devoid of any prejudices are biases against people from another culture
(Chase & Shano, 2013; Singh & Rampersad, 2010).

1. Widen your field of experience by making new contacts.

2.Learn about history and the experiences and aspirations of people
from different cultures.
3. Examine yourself for possible stereotypes.
4. Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking at and thinking
about something, not just yours.
5. Work on becoming more self-confident
6. Appreciate cultural similarities and differences.
7. Acknowledge the essential equality and value of all cultures.
8. Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of communication.
Impact of technology on
communication
1. Technology provides us with unlimited information.
2. It creates opportunities for meeting new people.
3. It helps us keep in tough with family and friends anywhere
in the world.
4. It brings new diversity to our culture and our lives.
5. It fosters better cooperation among different cultural group
6. It isolates us
7. It can make us create second lives.