Chapter 2

Communication
And Globalization
 Globalization
and the

Global Village
 Globalization
The process of bringing people
together and making them interact
and exchange ideas across traditional
borders. (Nowaczyk, 2017)
 Globalization
The world, driven largely
by advances of technology, has
become inextricably
interconnected across distances
and other boundaries. (Downing,
2007)
 Global Village
One world interconnected by an
electronic nervous system
[media] – has become a reality
(Stewart, 2015)
 “Flattening” of the world
economy is achieved through
globalized trade, outsourcing, supply-
chaining, and political liberalization.
In other words, the use of technologies
allow businesses such as large
multinational corporations, to
maintain customers, suppliers, and
even competitors on a worldwide
basis.
 Oral
recitation
 Definition of
Culture
• The learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human
beings.
• A system of beliefs, assumptions, and values shared by a group of
people.
• Shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and
affective understanding that are learned through a process of
socialization.
 Characteristic of Cultures
Cultures are
learned, not Cultures are Cultures are
innate. shared multifaceted
We acquired complete We act as members of our We are surrounded by
knowledge and own cultural group, not cultural norms that
understanding of our as individuals. affect language,
cultural norms religion, etc.…
interacting with one
another.
Cultural identities are
Cultures are dynamic overlapping.
Cultures constantly change as cultural We belong to multiple, overlapping cultures as we
contact increases, new technologies interact with one another.
emerge, and economic conditions
 Adaptation
to
New cultures
 1 2 3 4 5
Cultural Cultural Multicultural Cultural Separatio
Integratio Assimilati ism Accommodat n
n on ion
 The Nature
of Common
Cultural Differences
1. Leadership
● Power or influence – the
right to influence the
outcome of health, welfare,
and critical decisions of
protection.
2. Work Productivity
● A bipolar (marked by
opposite extremes)
characteristics of being
“masculine” or “feminine”
exists in the work force or
a family organization.
 3. Group Allegiance
● A bipolar characteristics,
likewise, of individual and
group orientation exists.
● Individualism – (individual
orientation) an individual can
change the standards of
culture.
● Collectivism – (group
orientation) sacrificing
everything for the sake of the
 4. Task Commitment
● Focus is on the elements
controlling the group, such as
tradition and commitment to
the group (high-context
culture) versus the individual
(low-context culture).
Communicating
Within and Across
Cultures
Communicating between and among individuals is difficult because
we use verbal and nonverbal symbols that vary depending on
cultural differences.
The communities that we belong also have a strong influence on our
communication as we grow and develop.

Some cultural differences, however, may defy our ethical principles

(sense of what is right and wrong).
We can respond in a variety of ways:
● Avoiding – refuse to comply or do business in cultures that operate
according to ethical principles that differ from ours.
● Accommodating - accepting the different ethical differences and
conform to practices different from ours.
● Forcing – insist on doing business in a way we believe is ethically
proper.
● Educating—persuading – convincing the people whom we want to
do business why our ethical principle is more appropriate.
● Negotiating—compromising – giving up something to negotiate a
settlement.
● Collaboration—problem solving – working with others to face the
problem directly and reach a mutually satisfying solution.
Guidelines on developing intercultural
competence
● Widen your field of experience by making new contacts.
● Learn about history and the experiences and aspirations of people
from different cultures.
● Examine yourself for possible stereotypes.
● Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking and thinking
about something, not just yours.
● Work on becoming more self-confident.
● Appreciate cultural similarities and differences.
● Acknowledge the essential equality and value of all cultures
● Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of communication
 Barriers
to Communication
Ethnocentrism
● It refers to the belief that a
person’s culture (in-group
culture) is much better than any
other group’s culture.
● Our level of ethnocentricity
affects our ability to
successfully communicate
across culturally.
Stereotypes and Prejudices

● Stereotypes – generalized
negative traits assigned to a
group of people (e.g. race,
nationality, religion, etc.)
● Prejudices – an offshoot of
stereotype, the unfair thought,
belief, or feeling of dislike for a
person or group because of
race, nationality, gender, etc.
Assumed Similarities

● Baseless, unreasonable refusal

to see cultural differences where
they exist.
● Results to insensitivity to
cultural differences.
Anxiety

● The fear or apprehension

associated with either real or
anticipated communication with
people from another cultural
group.
Impact of Technology on Communication

● Technology provides us with unlimited information

● Creates opportunities for meeting new people.
● Helps us keep in touch with people anywhere in the world
● Brings new diversity to our culture and life
● Fosters better cooperation among different cultural group
● Isolates us
● Make us create second lives
 Assignment
Answer Tasks (pp. 38-41)
I. Objective Assessment
A. Matching Test
B. Cloze/ Completion test
C. Simple-recall Test

Submit on: March 4, 2024.

II. Reaction Paper about the Impact of Globalization on How People

Communicate, and Vice versa.

Submit on: March 6, 2024.