Chapter 15 - Individual Behavior

Place Slide Title Text Here
JOHN R. SCHERMERHORN, JR.

MANAGEMENT
12 Edition
th
Chapter 15
Individual Behavior
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 15-1
Planning Ahead
Place Slide Title — Chapter
Text Here 15 Study Questions
1. How do perceptions influence individual

behavior?
2. What should we know about personalities in
the workplace?
3. How do attitudes influence individual
behavior?
4. What are the dynamics of emotions, moods,
and stress?
Chapter
Place Slide Title 15 Learning
Text Here Dashboard
1. Perception
1. Perception and psychological contracts
2. Perception and attribution
3. Perception tendencies and distortions
4. Perception and impression management
2. Personality
1. Big five personality dimensions
2. Myers-Briggs personality type indicator
3. Personal conception and emotional adjustment traits
Chapter
Place Slide Title 15 Learning
Text Here Dashboard
3. Attitudes
1. What is an attitude?
2. What is job satisfaction?
3. Job satisfaction and its outcomes
4. Emotions, Moods, and Stress
1. Emotions
2. Moods
3. Stress
4. Sources of stress
Takeaway
Place Slide Title 1: Perception
Text Here
• Perception
– The process through which people receive, organize
and interpret information from the environment
– People can perceive the same things or situations
differently
– People behave on the basis of their perceptions
Takeaway
Text Here
• Psychological contract:
A set of expectations held
by an individual about
what will be given and
received in the
employment relationship
Takeaway
Text Here
• Perception and attribution

– Attribution
• The process of developing explanations for
events
– Fundamental attribution error
• Occurs when observers blame another’s
performance failures or problems on
internal factors rather than external factors
Takeaway 1: Perception
• Perception and attribution

– Self-serving bias
• Occurs because individuals blame their
personal performance failures or problems on
external factors and attribute their successes
to internal factors
Takeaway
Text Here
• Perceptual tendencies and distortions:

– Stereotypes
• Occur when attributes commonly associated
with a group are assigned to an individual
– Racial and ethnic
– Gender
– Age
– Other?
Takeaway 1: Perception
• Perceptual tendencies and distortions

– Halo effects
• Occur when one positive attribute is used to
develop an overall impression of a person or
situation
Takeaway
Text Here
• Perceptual tendencies and distortions:

– Selective perception
• The tendency to define problems from ones’ own
point of view
– Projection
• The assignment of personal attributes to other
individuals
Takeaway
Text Here
Perceptual tendencies and distortions:

– Impression management
• The systematic attempt to influence how
others perceive us
– dress to convey positive appeal
– flatter others to generate positive feelings
– when conversing, make eye contact and smile
– display a high level of energy
Leaning
Place Slide TitleDashboard
Text Here 2: Personality
Personality
– The profile of characteristics that
makes one person unique from
others
Leaning
Place Slide Title Dashboard
“Big Five” personality traits:

– Extroversion
• Being outgoing, sociable, and assertive
– Agreeableness
• Being good-natured, cooperative, and trusting
– Conscientiousness
• Being responsible, dependable, and careful
– Emotional stability
• Being relaxed, secure, and unworried
– Openness
• Being curious, receptive to new things, and open to change
Leaning
Place Slide Title Dashboard
Leaning
Other personality traits that affect work behavior:

– Locus of control
• The extent to which one believes that what happens to
them is within one’s control
– Authoritarianism
• The degree to which a person defers to authority and
accepts status differences
– Machiavellianism
• The extent to which someone is emotionally detached
and manipulative in using power
Leaning
Other personality traits that affect work

behavior:
– Self-monitoring
• The degree to which someone is able to adjust and
modify behavior in response to the external factors
– Type A personality
• Orientation toward extreme achievement, impatience,
and perfectionism
Figure 15.2 Common personality dimensions that
influence human behavior at work
Takeaway
Place Slide Title 3: Attitudes
Text Here
• Attitude
– A predisposition to act in a certain way toward people
and things in one’s environment
• Components of attitudes:
– Cognitive component
– Affective or emotional component
– Behavioral component
• Cognitive dissonance
– The discomfort a person feels when attitudes and
behavior are inconsistent
Takeaway
Text Here
Takeaway
Text Here
• There is a strong and positive relationship

between satisfaction and absenteeism and
turnover
• Withdrawal behaviors
Takeaway
Text Here
Satisfaction-related concepts having quality of work

life implications …
Takeaway
Text Here
Is there a relationship between job

satisfaction and performance?
– Are satisfied workers more productive?
– Are productive workers more satisfied?
– Do rewards for productivity create
satisfaction, influencing future
performance?
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
Slide Title Text HereMoods, and Stress
• Emotions
– Strong feelings directed toward someone
or something
• Emotional intelligence
– Ability to understand emotions and
manage relationships effectively
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
• Moods: Generalized positive and negative feelings or

states of mind
• Mood contagion: Spillover of one’s positive or
negative moods onto others
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
• Stress
– A state of tension experienced by individuals facing
extraordinary demands, constraints, or
opportunities
• Stressors
– Things that cause stress
– Originate in work, personal, and nonwork situations
– Have the potential to influence work attitudes,
behavior, job performance, and health
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
Work factors as potential stressors:

– Includes:
• Excessively high or low task demands
• Role conflicts or ambiguities
• Poor interpersonal relationships
• Too slow or too fast career progress
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
Nonwork factors as potential stressors:

– Includes:
• Family events
• Economics
• Personal affairs
– “Spill-over” effect on the stress an
individual experiences at work
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
Consequences of stress:
– Constructive stress
• Acts as a positive influence
• Can be energizing and performance enhancing
– Destructive stress
• Impairs performance
• Breaks down a person’s physical and mental
systems
• Can lead to job burnout and/or workplace rage
Figure 15.3 Potential negative consequences of a destructive job
stress-burnout cycle
Takeaway
Place 4: Emotions,
Personal wellness:
– The pursuit of personal and mental
potential though a personal health-
promotion program
– A form of preventative stress
management
– Enables people to be better prepared to
deal with stress

Chapter 15 - Individual Behavior

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 15 - Individual Behavior

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Place Slide Title Text Here

JOHN R. SCHERMERHORN, JR.

1. How do perceptions influence individual

• Perception and attribution

• Perception and attribution

• Perceptual tendencies and distortions:

• Perceptual tendencies and distortions

• Perceptual tendencies and distortions:

Perceptual tendencies and distortions:

“Big Five” personality traits:

Other personality traits that affect work behavior:

Other personality traits that affect work

• There is a strong and positive relationship

Satisfaction-related concepts having quality of work

Is there a relationship between job

• Moods: Generalized positive and negative feelings or

Work factors as potential stressors:

Nonwork factors as potential stressors:

You might also like