POWER OF TECHNICAL

BRAIN:-
“THE CPU WAS BORN TO SOLVE PROBLEMS THAT DIDN’T
EXISTED BEFORE”
 OBJECTIVES

 What Is a CPU and it’s location in Computer

 Functioning Of a CPU
 How CPU Works
 What is CPU? Meaning, Definition, and What CPU Stands For?
 You may have heard of this term before . Every single computing device has a CPU
 But what exactly it is ? Let’s take this further with question that where do we find it in a computer?
 and what are it’s parts


 CU
ALU{short for
{short for arithmetic Registers
control logic}
unit}

 Where do we find CPU in a computer ?

 CPU is located on a computer’s motherboard . A computer’s motherboard is the main circuit board inside a
computer.
 CPU is responsible for doing all the work . It performs every single action a computer does and executes
programs
 WHAT DOES A CPU DO ?
The CPU is in charge of four tasks :
1. Fetching instruction from memory , in order to know how to handle the input and know
the corresponding instructions for that particular input data it received.
2. Decoding or translating the instructions into a form the CPU can understand , which is
3. Executing and carrying out given instructions.
4. Storing the result of the execution back to memory for later retrieval if and when
requested. This is also called writing to memory .

Fetching Decoding Executing Storing

 HOW CPU WORKS
CPU Called the brain of computer works with three steps process which are repeated in a cycle again &
again. These are as follows –
1)Firstly the instruction is fetched from memory .
 2)Secondly the instruction is decoded and the processor figures out what is being told.
 3)Lastly the instruction is executed and an operation is performed.
 When a program runs on a computer
Instructions are stored in a computer memory
until they are executed.
 The CPU uses a program counter to keep track
of which instruction to be fetched next, it takes it
from memory , where it’s stored in form of
assembly code.
 How instruction is fetched from
memory ?
The basic operation of a computer is called the ‘fetch-execute’ cycle. The CPU is
designed to understand a set of instructions - the instruction set. It fetches the instructions
from the main memory and executes them. This is done repeatedly from when the computer
is booted up to when it is shut down.
1.The CPU fetches the instructions one at a time from the main memory into the registers.
One register is the program counter (pc). The program counter gives an address value
in the memory of where the next instruction is. The processor fetches the instruction
value from this memory location. 
2.The memory address register acts as a gatekeeper to the memory, so the first thing to
happen is that the program counter gets copied into the memory address register. The register
transfer is
MAR←PC (Because it is the MAR that is clocked, this leaves the PC unaltered.)

MBR←<MAR>
IR←MBR
 How instruction is decoded by the processor ?
Earlier we discussed about Instruction fetch, we wrote “then
decode the opcode”.
It is common to talk of the fetch-execute cycle, it is useful to think
about decoding as a separate distinct phase in a fetch-decode-
execute cycle.
. We had a mechanism of producing a set of level
signal[LDA=1,STA=0,ADD=0 etc] when the opcode is LDA; and
similarly for other opcode; and
. We have written the RTL for all the execute
phases, and known that the execute phase
start at control steos 10,13,15,18.
 EXECUTION OF COMMAND
• Depending on the architecture of CPU, there may be a single action or a
sequence of actions Performed.
• During every action various parts of CPU are enabled or disabled so they
can perform all or part of the desired operation.
• Typically these actions are completed in Split of a second.
• The number of Cores (unique CPU) tells us computational power of CPU.
 Storing
◦ The Result of execution is stored back to memory for later retrieval, if
requested again.
◦ Registers are the memory location where the results are stored for quick
access.