Unit 5

SET
 Green Building

• Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.

• This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility,
durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or high performance building.

• Green building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource- efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. 

• This requires close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all
project stages.

• The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of
economy, utility, durability, and comfort. In doing so, the three dimensions of sustainability, i.e., planet,
people and profit across the entire supply chain need to be considered
 Green Building

• Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices
in creating greener structures, the common objective of green buildings is to reduce the
overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:

• Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

• Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity Reducing waste, pollution,
and environmental degradation.

Green Building may incorporate:

Sustainable materials

Healthy Indoor environment

Feature landscapes which reduce water usage

 Green Building

• Sustainable site Design

• Water Quality and Conservation Rain water harvesting
Grey water Recycling

• Energy and Environment Pressure Reducing

Low flow plumbing structures

• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Materials and Resources
Area of plot = 100 sq.m.
Height of rainfall = 1.1 m (1100 mm or 44 inches)
Total volume of rainfall over the area of plot = Area of plot X Height of rainfall =
100 sq.m. x 1.1 m = 110 cu.m. (1,10,000 litres)
Assuming that only 60 percent of the total rainfall is effectually harvested, the volume of
water harvested = 66,000 litres.
This volume is about 4 times the annual drinking water requirement of a 5-member family.
The average daily water requirement per person is 10 litres according to IS 1172: Indian
Standard Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation.
LEED

The LEEDs rating system is one of the most popular green buildings certifications worldwide. It is
administered by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC), which was established in 1993.
It assigns scores basis project evaluation on different criteria like water usage, energy conservation,
and sustainable materials. These scores are then used to define ranking, which falls under
categories like certified (40-49 points), silver (50-59 points), gold (60-79 points) and platinum (80+
points). A platinum rating is the highest score given to a building. As per reports, there are more than
1400 LEED-certified buildings in India. A few of them include Terminal 3 at Delhi International Airport,
American Embassy School, Delhi and Anna Centenary Library Building, Chennai.
• The IGBC rating system is managed by the Indian Green Building Council, which was established in Hyderabad in 2001. It is
backed by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Certified, silver, gold and platinum are the designated ratings, and
buildings are assessed accordingly. There are nine different types of certifications, depending on the type of the project. These
include certificates for new and existing buildings, schools, factories, homes, townships, Special Economic Zones (SEZ),
landscapes and metro systems. Thermax Corporate House, Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Building and Oval Nest are a
few IGBC-rated green buildings.

• GRIHA rating systems have been developed in India by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). It is supported by the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. GRIHA follows a star-based rating system where five stars
indicate the highest ranking. The points assigned for each star are one star for 25-40 points, two stars for 41-55 points, three
stars for 56-70 points, four stars for 71-85 points and five stars  for 85 points and above. Hotel Grand Chola (Chennai), Indira
Paryavaran Bhawan (New Delhi) and Manipal University Campus (Jaipur) are examples of GRIHA-rated projects.
 Green Fuel (Biofuels)
• Green fuel, also known as biofuels, is a type of fuel distilled from plants and animal materials, believed by some to

be more environmentally friendly than the widely-used fossil fuels that power most of the world. In the desperate

search for alternative energy sources, green fuel has evolved as a possible fueling option as the world drains its

fossil fuel resources.

Types of Biofuels

• Wood

• Biogas

• Biodiesel

• Bioethanol

• Bioethanol

• Biobutanol
 Green Fuel
• Green fuel, also known as biofuels, is a type of fuel distilled from plants and animal materials, believed by

some to be more environmentally friendly than the widely-used fossil fuels that power most of the world.

• In the desperate search for alternative energy sources, green fuel has evolved as a possible fueling option

as the world drains its fossil fuel resources.

• Unlike conventional fuels such as oil, which is naturally occurring but requires an extremely long

geological process to form, biofuel can be produced in a matter of days.

• A huge variety of feedstocks can be used to create biofuel, ranging from vegetable oil and crop residue to

algae and by-products from beer breweries.

• While not all fuels can be scaled up to a commercial level, the variety reflects the exciting opportunities

offered by biofuels.
 Biodiesel

Algae Oil

• Algae-based biodiesel is the focus of many research interests because they have the potential to
provide sufficient oil for global consumption. It has the potential to produce biodiesel yields >100 times
those attainable per hectare from plant feedstock.

• Besides their high lipid contents and fast growth rate, microalgae have the potential to mitigate the
competitions for land-use and food-for-fuel conflicts. They are also able to reduce the GHG effect via
CO2 sequestration.

• Nannochloropsis, members of the marine green algae are considered the most suitable candidates for
biodiesel production. These strains have shown high lipid content and biomass productivity. However,
research in this area especially algal oil extraction is still limited and in early stages.
Other Feedstock

• Used vegetable oils (UCO), yellow grease (8-12 wt% FFA), brown grease (>35 wt% FFA),
and soapstock (by-product of refining vegetable oils) are potential feedstocks for
biodiesel production.

Biodiesel Manufacturers in India

• G-Energetic Biofuels Pvt. Ltd.

• Abellon Clean Energy

• Altret Greenfuels Limited

• Biodiesel Technocrats
Biomethanol
Biodiesel