BIODIVERSITY MEASURES

Sampling Methods
and Data Analysis
 Background

Measurement of biodiversity
depends on:
plants and animals,
taxonomical/age level,
meaning, objectives,
necessity, ecological unit,
user.
 Meaning

 To see potential,
 To find quality level,

 Community character,

 Habitat study
 Objectives
 Forecasting production
 To know status

 To find the proportion of the

community
 To see habitat suitability
 Necessity
 FeasibilityStudy
 Profit/production

 Research

 Raw materials

 Coverage (eg. land cover)

 User
 Researcher

 Practitioner

 Policy makers
 Business

 Collector
 Questions
1. Are there any sensitive biotic
components?
2. What are the proposed biotic
components?

3. What are the parameters to

measure?
4. Need supporting data?
5. Should the season be considered?

6. Where is the sampling location?

7. What is the sampling population

to be sampled?

8. What are the qualifications of

the experts who will implement it ?
 Methods

 Census (direct count)

 Estimation (indirect count/sampling)

 Estimation
Plant
Plot
makes a plot square to get
population data
Plotless
data obtained without plot square
 Plot

 Releve/nested plot
 Free Plot
 Without plot
 Point intercept method
 Line intercept method

 Distance method

 Point-centered quarter

method
 Plot shape

 Circle

 Square

 Rectangle


 Plot size
 Littoralherbs : 1 m x 1 m,
 Sea weeds : 1 m x 1 m,
 Macro-algae : 0,25 m x 0,25 m
 Seedling : 1mx1m
 Shrub/bush : 2 m x 2 m
 Sapling : 5 m x 5 m,
 Plants : 10 m x 10 m
 Animals
 CMRR

(capture-mark-release-recapture)
 Distance Methods

 Nest count
 Plot:
Shell/Echinoderm 1 m x 1 m
Nematoda 10 cm x 10 cm
Arthropods 1 m x 1 m
 Sampling Technique

 Systematic/regular

 Random

 Stratification
 Sandy Shore

Upper Tidal
Zone

High Tide
on e
i da l Z
T
Low Tide Inter
Sub Tidal
Zone Fundulus Emerita Callianaesa Ocypoda
Pagurus Donax Chiridotes Orchestia
Mellita Haustorius Thalorchetia
Ogyris
Pleronec
Thyone
tida
Cardium
Callinectes
Olivia Bacteri -------------- Algae
 Rocky Shore

Upper Tidal
Zone

High Tide
on e
i da l Z
T
Low Tide Inter
Sub Tidal
Zone Mytilus Ostrea Chtamalus Littorina
Balanus Ligia

Aiptasia
Arbacia
Leptogorgia
Bacteri ----------- Algae
Aquatic Organisms

 Periphyton

 Neuston

 Plankton

 Nekton

 Benthos
 Abundance of organisms

 Very rare
 Rare

 Infrequent

 Abundant

 Very abundant
 Sampling tool

 Net

 Water sampler
 Trap Plate

 Surber

 Dredge

 Core
Van Dorn Water sampler
Water sampler
Plankton net
Sedgwick Rafter Counting Chamber
Volume : 50 mm x 20 mm x 1 mm
Surber
Petersen Dredge (open)
Petersen Dredge (close)
Core
Multilevel filterSecchi
disc
Secchi disc
 Effort unit
 Net  fish
 Individual/Habitat  periphyton

 Bamboo clump, etc.  bat

 Duration/Time range  bird

 Volume

m3, liter, cc

 Square

ha, m2, etc.

 Data Analysis
Quantitative
chi-square
corelation-regretion
analysis of variance,
probit analysis,
indexes /important value
Qualitative
descriptive
 Diversity Index
 Shanon-Wiener, H = -  pi log pi
 Simpson D = 1 –  (pi)2
 pi= n/N
 n = number of individuals of
a species
 N = number of individuals of
all species

 Similarity index
 Shorensen
IS = 2 w
A+B
W : the smallest number of
significant values of the common
species in stand A dan B
 Cox
 IS =2c
A+B
 A: the number of species in A
 B: the number of species in B
 c: the number of species in A and B
 Important Value Index

Total value:
 Relative Density,
 Relative Frequency,
and
 Relative Dominancy
 Absolute value
 Absolute Density: number of
individuals / square or volume
 Absolute Frequency: number of plot/

sample unit where there is certain

species / all plot
 Absolute Dominancy: coverage or

basal area or biomass certain species/

all square coverage or basal area or
biomass
 Relative value
 Relative density: density a species /
density all species
 Relative frequency: frequency a

species / frequency all species

 Relative dominancy: dominant a

species / dominant all species

 Saprobic index
 Polysaprobic
 Beta meso-saprobic

 Alfa meso-saprobic

 Oligosaprobic

Value 1 - 4
 Saprobic index
 3A + B – C – 3D
A+B+C+D

A: polysaprobic organisms
B: β mesosaprobic organisms
C: α mesosaprobic organisms
D: oligosaprobic organisms
 TEKNIK INVENTARISASI
1. Perjumpaan
2. Melalui tanda-tanda
– Jejak satwa
– Tanda-tanda habitat
– Kotoran satwa
– Bau satwa
– Bagian satwa
– Sarang satwa
– Suara  satwa
3. Wawancara dengan
penduduk setempat
Pengamatan perilaku satwa liar
Pengamatan kijang
Pengamatan satwa berbahaya
Pengamatan satwa akuatik
Pengamatan satwa sensitif
Pengamatan burung air