Design speed reduction and economizing alignment

An existing tunnel needs to be connected to a newly constructed bridge with sag and crest vertical curves. The
profile view of the tunnel and bridge is shown. Develop a vertical alignment to connect the tunnel and bridge by
determining the highest possible common design speed for the sag and crest (equal-tangent) vertical curves
needed. Answer (80 kph)
Consider the conditions described. Suppose a design speed of only 60 kph is needed. Determine the lengths of
curves required to connect the bridge and tunnel while keeping the connecting grade as small as possible.

0+366
112 m

100 m
An existing tunnel needs to be connected to a newly constructed bridge with sag and crest vertical curves. The
profile view of the tunnel and bridge is shown. Develop a vertical alignment to connect the tunnel and bridge by
determining the highest possible common design speed for the sag and crest (equal-tangent) vertical curves
needed. Answer (80 kph)
Consider the conditions described. Suppose a design speed of only 60 kph is needed. Determine the lengths of
curves required to connect the bridge and tunnel while keeping the connecting grade as small as possible.

0+366 112 m

100 m
Let L = total length of Curve
Ls = Length of Sag Curve
Lc = Length of Crest Curve
LG = Length of connector
Ls = Ks As & Lc = Kc Ac
L = Ls + Lc + LG
PVTc(0+366)
As = |g2s-g1s| = |g2s-0|=g2s
366 = Ls + Lc +LG (eq. 1) @112
PVIc Ac = |g2c-g1c| = |0-g1c|=g1c
g2c
g1c From figure, g2s = g1c = Gcon
PVCc Thus, As = Ac = A

PVCs (0+000)
@100 PVTs
s
g2

g1s PVIs
Ls LG Lc

L = 366
12 = Yfs + Yfc +YG but
Ls = Ks A & Lc = Kc A
12 = + +

12 = + +
Yfc

YG 12

Yfs
(at 60 kph) Kc = 11 m
Ks = 18 m
 12 = + +
29A2 -732 A+2400 = 0

but A1 = 21.3684%
Ls = Ks A & Lc = Kc A A2 = 3.873%

12 = + + A = 3.873%
Economizing the alignment
At 60 kph Kc = 11 m
Ks = 18 m

12 = + +

12 =
 366 = Ls + Lc +LG (eq. 1)
LG = 253.683 m

STATION ELEVATION (m)

PVCs 0+000 100
Ls = Ks A
PVIs ? 100
Ls = 18 (3.873)
Kc = 11 m PVTs ? ?
Ls = 69.714 m
Ks = 18 m PVCc ? ?
A = 3.873 Lc = Kc A
PVIc 112
Lc = 11 (3.873)
Lc = 42.603 m PVTc 0+366 112