ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

PROVISIONS FROM 2015 NSCP

409.4.3 FACTORED SHEAR
409.4.3.1 For beams built integrally with supports, 𝑽𝒖 at the support shall be permitted to be calculated at the face
of support.

409.4.3.2 Sections between the face of support and a critical section located d from the face of support for non-
prestressed beams and 𝒉/𝟐 from the face of support for prestressed beams shall be permitted to be designed for 𝑽𝒖 at
that critical section if (a) through (c) are satisfied:
a. Support reaction, in direction of applied shear, introduces compression into the end region of the beam;
b. Loads are applied at or near the top surface of the beam;
c. No concentrated load occurs between the face of support and critical section.

409.5.3.1 𝑽𝒏 shall be calculated in accordance with Section 422.5.

409.5.3.2 For composite concrete beams, horizontal shear strength 𝑽𝒏𝒉 shall be calculated in accordance with
Section 416.4.

409.6.3 MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

409.6.3.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, 𝑨𝒗𝒎𝒊𝒏 , shall be provided in all regions where 𝑽𝒖 > 𝟎. 𝟓𝜙𝑽𝒄
except for the cases in Table 409.6.3.1, where at least 𝑨𝒗𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be provided where 𝑽𝒖 > 𝟎. 𝟓𝜙𝑽𝒄

409.6.3.2 If shown by testing that the required 𝑴𝒏 and 𝑽𝒏 can be developed, Section 409.6.3.1 need not be
satisfied. Such tests shall simulate effects of differential settlement, creep, shrinkage, and temperature change, based on a
realistic assessment of these effects occurring in service.

409.6.3.3 If shear reinforcement is required and torsional effects can be neglected according to Section 409.5.4.1,
𝑨𝒗𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be in accordance with Table 409.6.3.3.

TABLE 409.6.3.1 CASES WHERE 𝑨𝒗𝒎𝒊𝒏 IS NOT REQUIRED IF

𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 < 𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑽𝒄
Beam Type Conditions
Shallow Depth ℎ ≤ 250 𝑚𝑚
ℎ ≤ (𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 2.5𝑡𝑓 𝑜𝑟 0.5𝑏𝑤 )
Integral with Slab
ℎ ≤ 600 𝑚𝑚
Constructed with steel fibered
reinforced normal-weight
concrete conforming to Sections ℎ ≤ 600 𝑚𝑚
426.4.1.5.1(a), 426.4.2.2(d), and and
426.12.5.1(a) and with 𝑓’c ≤ 40 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜙√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑀𝑃𝑎.
One-way joist system In accordance with Section 409.8

1 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

TABLE 409.6.3.3 REQUIRED 𝑨𝒗𝒎𝒊𝒏

Beam Type 𝑨𝒗𝒎𝒊𝒏 /𝒔
𝑏𝑤
Non-prestressed; 0.062 √𝑓𝑐′ a
𝑓𝑦𝑡
Prestressed with Greater of:
𝑏𝑤
𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑠𝑒 < 0.40(𝐴𝑝𝑠 + 𝑓𝑝𝑢 + 𝐴𝑠 + 𝑓𝑦 ) 0.35 b
𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝑏𝑤
0.062 √𝑓𝑐′ c
Greater 𝑓𝑦𝑡
of: 𝑏𝑤
Prestressed with 0.35 d
𝑓𝑦𝑡
Lesser of:
𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑠𝑒 ≥ 0.40 (𝐴𝑝𝑠 + 𝑓𝑝𝑢 + 𝐴𝑠 + 𝑓𝑦 )
𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
√
80𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 𝑏𝑤 e

TABLE 409.7.6.2.2 MAXIMUM SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Maximum s, mm
Non-
𝑽𝒔 Prestressed
Prestressed
beam
beam
𝑑 3ℎ
≤ 0.33 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 Lesser of: 2 4
600
𝑑 3ℎ
′
> 0.33 √𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 Lesser of: 4 8
300

422.5 ONE-WAY SHEAR STRENGTH

422.5.1 General
422.5.1.1 Nominal one-way shear strength at a section, Vn, shall be calculated by:
𝑽𝒏 = 𝑽𝒄 + 𝑽𝒔 (422.5.1.1)
422.5.1.2 Cross-sectional dimensions shall be selected to satisfy Eq. 422.5.1.2.
𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝑽𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.1.2)

422.5.1.3 For non-prestressed members, 𝑽𝒄 shall be calculated in accordance with Sections 422.5.5, 422.5.6, or
422.5.7.

422.5.5 𝑽𝒄 FOR NON-PRESTRESSED MEMBERS WITHOUT AXIAL FORCE

422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without axial force,
Vc shall be calculated by:
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.5.1)
unless a more detailed calculation is made in accordance with Table 422.5.5.1.

TABLE 422.5.5.1 DETAILED METHOD FOR CALCULATING 𝑽𝒄

𝑽𝒄
𝑉𝑢 𝑑
(0.16𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 )𝑏 𝑑 (a)
𝑀𝑢 𝑤
Least of (a), (b) and (c):
(0.16𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 )𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (b)
(0.29𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ )𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (c)
𝑀𝑢 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝑢 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑

2 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

422.5.6 𝑽𝒄 FOR NON-PRESTRESSED MEMBERS WITH AXIAL COMPRESSION

422.5.6.1 For non-prestressed members with axial compression, 𝑽𝒄 shall be calculated by:
𝑵𝒖
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 (𝟏 + ) 𝝀 √𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.6.1)
𝟏𝟒𝑨𝒈
unless a more detailed calculation is made in accordance with Table 422.5.6.1, where 𝑵𝒖 is positive for compression.

TABLE 422.5.6.1 DETAILED METHOD FOR CALCULATING 𝑽𝒄

𝑽𝒄
(a)
𝑉𝑢 𝑑
(0.16𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 ) 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
4ℎ − 𝑑
𝑀𝑢 − 𝑁𝑢 ( )
8

Least of (a) Equation not applicable if:

and (b) 4ℎ − 𝑑
𝑀𝑢 − 𝑁𝑢 ( )≤0
8
0.29𝑁𝑢
0.29𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (√1 + ) (b)
𝐴𝑔

𝑀𝑢 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝑢 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑

422.5.7 𝑽𝒄 FOR NON-PRESTRESSED MEMBERS WITH SIGINIFICANT AXIAL TENSION

422.5.7.1 For non-prestressed members with significant axial tension, Vc shall be calculated by:
𝑵𝒖
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 (𝟏 + ) 𝝀 √𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.7.1)
𝟑. 𝟓𝑨𝒈
Where 𝑵𝒖 is negative for tension, and 𝑽𝒄 shall not be less than zero.

422.5.10.5 ONE-WAY SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

422.5.10.5.1 In non-prestressed and prestressed members, shear reinforcement satisfying (a), (b), or (c) shall be
permitted:
a. Stirrups, ties, or hoops perpendicular to longitudinal axis of member;
b. Axial welded wire reinforcement with wires located perpendicular to longitudinal axis of member;
c. Spiral reinforcement.

422.5.10.5.2 Inclined stirrups making an angle of at least 45 degrees with the longitudinal axis of the member and
crossing the plane of the potential shear crack shall be permitted to be used as shear reinforcement in non- prestressed
members.

422.5.10.5.3 Vs for shear reinforcement in Section 422.5.10.5.1 shall be calculated by:

𝑨𝒗 𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝒅
𝑽𝒔 = (422.5.10.3)
𝒔
where s is the spiral pitch or the longitudinal spacing of the shear reinforcement and 𝑨𝒗 is given in Section 422.5.10.5.5 or
422.5.10.5.6.

422.5.10.5.4 Vs for shear reinforcement in Section 422.5.10.5.2 shall be calculated by:

𝑨𝒗 𝒇𝒚𝒕 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶) 𝒅
𝑽𝒔 = (422.5.10.4)
𝒔
where α is the angle between the inclined stirrups and the longitudinal axis of the member, s is measured parallel to the
longitudinal reinforcement, and 𝑨𝒗 is given in Section 422.5.10.5.5.

3 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

422.5.10.5.5 For each rectangular tie, stirrup, hoop, or crosstie, 𝑨𝒗 shall be the effective area of all bar legs or wires
within spacing s.

422.5.10.5.6 For each circular tie or spiral, 𝑨𝒗 shall be two times the area of the bar or wire within spacing s.

418.6 BEAMS OF SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES

418.6.4.1 Hoops shall be provided in the following regions of a beam:
a. Over a length equal to twice the beam depth measured from the face of the supporting column toward mid-span,
at both ends of the beam.
b. Over lengths equal to twice the beam depth on both sides of a section where flexural yielding is likely to occur as a
result of lateral displacements beyond the elastic range of behavior.

418.6.4.3 Hoops in beams shall be permitted to be made up of two pieces of reinforcement: a stirrup
having seismic hooks at both ends and closed by a crosstie. Consecutive crossties engaging the same longitudinal bar shall
have their 90-degree hooks at opposite sides of flexural member. If the longitudinal reinforcing bars secured by the
crossties are confined by a slab on only one side of the beam, the 90-degree hooks of the crossties shall be placed on that
side.

418.6.4.4 The first hoop shall be located not more than 50mm from the face of a supporting column.
Spacing of the hoops shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):
a. 𝑑/4;
b. Six times the diameter of the smallest primary flexural reinforcing bars excluding longitudinal skin reinforcement
required by Section 409.7.2.3;
c. 150mm

418.6.4.6 Where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hooks at both ends shall be spaced at a
distance not more than 𝑑/2 throughout the length of the beam.

418.7 COLUMNS OF SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES

418.7.5 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
418.7.5.1 Transverse reinforcement required in Sections 418.7.5.2 through 418.7.5.4 shall be provided over
a length 𝑙𝑜 from each joint face on both sides of any section where flexural yielding is likely to occur as a result of lateral
displacements beyond the elastic range of behavior. Length 𝑙𝑜 shall be at least the largest of (a) through (c):
a. The depth of the column at the joint face or at the section where flexural yielding is likely to occur.
b. One sixth of the clear span of the column.
c. 450mm.

418.7.5.2 Transverse reinforcement shall be in accordance with (a) through (f)

a. Transverse reinforcement shall comprise either single or overlapping spirals, circular hoops, or rectilinear hoops
with or without crossties;
b. Bends of rectilinear hoops and crossties shall engage peripheral longitudinal reinforcing bars;
c. Crossties of the same or smaller bar size as the hoops shall be permitted, subject to the limitation of section
425.7.5.2.2. Consecutive crossties shall be alternated end for end along longitudinal reinforcement and around the
perimeter of the cross section;
d. Where rectilinear hoops or crossties are used, they shall provide lateral support to longitudinal reinforcement in
accordance with sections 425.7.2.2 and 425.7.2.3;
e. Reinforcement shall be arrange such that the spacing ℎ𝑥 of longitudinal bars laterally supported by the corner of a
crosstie or hoop leg shall not exceed 350mm around the perimeter of the column;
f. Where 𝑃𝑈 > 0.30𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐′ or 𝑓𝑐′ > 70𝑀𝑃𝑎 in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars
around the perimeter of the column core shall have lateral support provided by the corner of a hoop or by a

4 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

seismic hook, and the value of ℎ𝑥 shall not exceed 20mm. 𝑃𝑈 shall be the largest value in compression consistent
with factored load combinations including 𝑬.

418.7.5.3 Spacing of transverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):
a. One-fourth of the minimum column dimension;
b. Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar;
c. 𝑠𝑜 as calculated by:
𝟑𝟓𝟎 − 𝒉𝒙
𝒔𝒐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + ( ) (𝟒𝟏𝟖. 𝟕. 𝟓. 𝟑)
𝟑
The value of 𝑠𝑜 from equation 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less than 100mm.
NOTE: ℎ𝑥 = maximum center to center horizontal spacing of hoop or cross-tie legs on all faces of the column.

418.7.5.4 Amount of transverse reinforcement shall be in accordance with Table 418.7.5.4

The concrete strength factor, 𝑘𝑓 , and confinement effectiveness factor, 𝑘𝑛 are calculated by:
𝑓𝑐′
𝑘𝑓 = + 0.6 ≥ 1.0
175
𝑛𝑙
𝑘𝑛 =
𝑛𝑙 − 2
Where 𝑛𝑙 is the number of longitudinal bars or bar bundles around the perimeter of a column core with rectilinear hoops
that are laterally supported by the corner of hoops or by seismic hooks.
TABLE 418.7.5.4
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENTS FOR COLUMNS OF SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES
TRANSVERSE
CONDITIONS APPLICABLE EXPRESSIONS
REINFORCEMENT
′
𝑃𝑢 ≤ 0.30𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐 and 𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐′
Greater of: 0.30 ( − 1) (𝑎)
𝑓𝑐′ ≤ 70𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑦𝑡
a,b
𝐴𝑠ℎ
𝑠 𝑏𝑐 𝑓𝑐′
′ 0.09 (𝑏)
For rectilinear 𝑃𝑢 > 0.30𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐 or 𝑓𝑦𝑡
Greater of:
hoop 𝑓𝑐′ > 70𝑀𝑃𝑎
a,b,c
𝑃𝑢
0.20𝑘𝑓 𝑘𝑛 (𝑐)
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝐴𝑐ℎ
𝑃𝑢 ≤ 0.30𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐′ and 𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐′
′ Greater of: 0.45 ( − 1) (𝑑)
𝑓𝑐 ≤ 70𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑦𝑡
d and e
𝜌𝑠 𝑓𝑐′
For spiral or 0.12 (𝑒)
𝑃𝑢 > 0.30𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐′
or 𝑓𝑦𝑡
circular hoop Greater of:
𝑓𝑐′ > 70𝑀𝑃𝑎
d,e,f
𝑃𝑢
0.35𝑘𝑓 𝑘𝑛 (𝑓)
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝐴𝑐ℎ
NOTE: 𝐴𝑔 =gross area
𝐴𝑐ℎ =cross sectional area of a member measured to the outside edges of transverse reinforcement.
𝐴𝑠ℎ =total cross-sectional area of transverse reinforcement, including crossties, within spacing 𝑠 and perpendicular to
dimension 𝑏𝑐
𝑏𝑐 =cross-sectional dimension of member core measured to the outside edges of the transverse reinforcement composing
area 𝐴𝑠ℎ .

5 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

PROVISIONS FROM 2010 NSCP

411.2 SHEAR STRENGTH
411.2.1 Design of cross section subject to shear shall be based on
𝜙𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝑢 (411-1)
Where Vu is is factored shear force at section considered and Vn
is nominal shear strength computed by
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝑠 (411-2)
where Vc is nominal shear strength provided by concrete in accordance with Sec. 411.4 or Sec. 411.5 and Vs is nominal
shear strength provided by shear reinforcement in accordance with Sec. 411.6.6.

411.2.3 Computations of maximum factored shear force Vu at supports in accordance with Sec. 411.2.3.1 or Sec. 411.2.3.2
shall be permitted when both of the following conditions are satisfied:
1. Support reaction, in direction of applied shear, introduces compression into the end regions of member, and
2. Loads are applied at or near the top of the member; and
3. No concentrated load occurs between face of support and location of critical section defined in Sections 411.2.3.1 or
411.2.3.2.

411.2.3.1 For non-prestressed members, sections located less than a distance d from face of support shall be permitted to
be designed for the same shear Vu as that computed at a distance d.

411.4 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY CONCRETE FOR NON-PRESTRESSED MEMBERS

411.4.1 SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION FOR VC.
Shear strength Vc shall be computed by provisions of Sections 411.4.1.1 through 411.4.1.3 unless a more detailed
calculation is made in accordance with 411.4.2.
411.4.1.1 For members subjected to shear and flexure only,
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-3)

411.4.1.2 For members subjected to axial and compression.

𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 + ) 𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-4)
14𝐴𝑔

𝑁𝑢
Quantity 𝐴𝑔 shall be expressed in MPa.

411.4.1.3 For members subject to significant axial tension, shear reinforcement shall be designed to carry total shear,
unless a more detailed calculation is made using Section 411.4.2.1 through 411.4.2.3.

411.4.2 DETAILED CALCULATION FOR Vc.

Shear strength Vc shall be permitted to be computed by the more detailed calculation of Section 411.4.21 through
411.4.2.3.
411.4.2.1 For members subjected to shear and flexure only,
𝑉𝑢𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = (0.17𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 ) 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-5)
𝑀𝑢

𝑉𝑢 𝑑
but not greater than 0.29 𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑. Quantity 𝑀𝑢
shall not be taken greater than 1.0 in computing Vc by Equation (411-5),
where Mu is factored moment occurring simultaneously with Vu at section considered.

411.4.2.2 For members subject to axial compression, it shall be permitted to compute Vc using Equation (411-5) with Mm
𝑉𝑢 𝑑
substituted for Mu and 𝑀𝑢
not then limited to 1.0, where
4ℎ−𝑑
𝑀𝑚 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑁𝑢 ( ) (411-6)
8
However, Vc shall not be taken greater than

6 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

0.29𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.29 (√1 + ) 𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-7)
𝐴𝑔
𝑁𝑢
Quantity 𝐴𝑔 shall be expressed in MPa. When Mm as computed be equation (411-6) is negative, Vc shall be computed by
Equation (411-7).

411.4.2.3 For members subjected to significant axial tension,

0.29𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 + ) 𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-8)
𝐴𝑔
𝑁𝑢
But not less than zero, where Nu is negative for tension. Quantity 𝐴𝑔 shall be expressed in MPa.

411.4.3 CIRCULAR MEMBERS

For circular members, the area used to compute Vc shall be taken as the product of the diameter and the effective depth of
the concrete section. It shall be permitted to take the effective depth as 0.8 times the diameter of the concrete section.
411.6 SHEAR SRENGTH PROVIDED BY SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
411.6.1 TYPES OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
411.6.1.1 Shear reinforcement consisting of the following shall be permitted:
1. Stirrups perpendicular to axis of member.
2. Welded wire fabric with wires located perpendicular to axis of member.
3. Spirals, circular ties, or hoops.

411.6.1.2 For non-prestressed members, shear reinforcement shall be permitted also to consist of:
1. Stirrups making an angle of 45 degrees or more with longitudinal tension reinforcement.
2. Longitudinal reinforcement with bent portion making an angle of 30 degrees or more with the longitudinal tension
reinforcement.
3. Combination of stirrups and bent longitudinal reinforcement.

411.6.2 Design yield strength of shear reinforcement shall not exceed 415 MPa, except that the design yield strength of
welded deformed wire fabric shall not exceed 550 MPa.

411.6.3 Where the provisions of Section 411.6 are applied to prestressed members, d shall be taken as the distance from
extreme compression fiber to centroid of the prestressed and non-prestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement, if any,
but need not be taken less than 0.80h.

411.6.4 Stirrups and other bars or wires used as shear reinforcement shall extend to a distance “d” from extreme
compression fiber and shall be anchored at both ends according to Section 412.14 to develop the design yield strength of
the member.

411.6.5 SPACING LIMITS FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

411.6.5.1 Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of member shall not exceed d/2 in non- prestressed
members and 0.75h in prestressed members or 600 mm.

411.6.5.2 Inclined stirrups and bent longitudinal reinforcement shall be so spaced that every 45-degree line extending
toward the reaction from mid-depth of member d/2 to longitudinal tension reinforcement, shall be crossed by at least one
line of shear reinforcement.

411.6.5.3 When Vs exceeds 0.33 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑, maximum spacing given in Section 411.6.5.1 and Section 411.6.5.2 shall be
reduced by one-half.

7 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

411.6.6 MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

411.6.6.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av min, shall be provided in all reinforced concrete flexural members
(prestressed and non-prestressed) where Vu exceeds 0.5ØVc, except in members satisfying one or more of (1) through (6):
Solid slabs and footings:
1. Hollow-core units with total unstopped depth not greater than 300mm and hollow-core units where;
2. Vu is not greater than 0.5φVcw;
3. Concrete joist construction defined by Section 408.14;
4. Beams with total depth not greater than 250mm;
5. Beams integral with slabs with total depth h not greater than 600mm, and not greater than 2.5 times thickness of
flange or 0.50 the width of web;
6. Beams constructed of steel fiber-reinforced, normal weight concrete with fc’ not exceeding 40 MPa, not greater than
600mm, and Vu not greater than 𝜙0.17√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑.

411.6.6.3 Where shear reinforcement is required by Section 411.6.6.1 or for strength and where Section 411.7.1 allows
torsion to be neglected, the minimum area of shear reinforcement for prestressed (except as provided in Section 411.6.6.4)
and non-prestressed members shall be computed by
𝑏𝑤 𝑠
𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.062 √𝑓𝑐′ (411-13)
𝑓𝑦𝑡

0.35 𝑏𝑤𝑠
but shall not be less than 𝑓𝑦𝑡
, where bw and s are in millimeters.

411.6.7 DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

411.6.7.1 Where factored shear force Vu exceed shear strength φVc, shear reinforcement shall be provided to satisfy
Equations (411-1) and (411-2), where shear strength Vs shall be computed in accordance with Sections 411.6.7.2 through
Sections 411.6.7.9.

411.6.7.2 When shear reinforcement perpendicular to axis of member is used,

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 = (411-15)
𝑠
Where Av is the area of the shear reinforcement within a distance s.

411.6.7.3 When circular ties, hoops, or spirals are used as shear reinforcement, Vs shall be computed using equation (411-
15) where d shall be taken as the effective depth defined in Section 411.4.3. Av shall be taken as two times the area of the
bar in a circular tie, hoop, or spiral at a spacing s, and fyh is the specified yield strength of circular tie, hoop, or spiral
reinforcement.

411.6.7.4 When inclined stirrups are used as shear reinforcement,

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 = (sin 𝛼 + cos 𝛼) (411-16)
𝑠

411.6.7.9 Shear strength Vs shall not be taken greater than 0.66 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑.

8 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS FOR WEB REINFORCEMENT (2010 NSCP)

𝜙𝑉𝑐
1. When 𝑉𝑢 ≤
2
Stirrups are not required.

𝜙𝑉𝑐
2. When < 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝑠≤ 𝑜𝑟
0.062√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠≤
0.35𝑏𝑤
𝑑
𝑠 ≤ 𝑜𝑟 600 𝑚𝑚
2

3. When 𝑉𝑠 ≤ 0.33√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 3𝜙𝑉𝑐 *
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝑠≤ 𝑜𝑟
0.062√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠≤
0.35𝑏𝑤
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑠≤ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑉𝑠
𝑑
𝑠 ≤ 𝑜𝑟 600 𝑚𝑚
2

4. When 0.33√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 < 𝑉𝑠 ≤ 0.66√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

3𝜙𝑉𝑐 < 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 5𝜙𝑉𝑐 *
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑠≤
𝑉𝑠
𝑑
𝑠≤ 𝑜𝑟 300 𝑚𝑚
4

5. When 𝑉𝑠 > 0.66√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

𝑉𝑢 > 5𝜙𝑉𝑐 *
Beam is too small to accommodate shear reinforcements. Revise by increasing beam dimension.

*for members subject to shear and flexure only.

9 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

1. Design the shear reinforcement of a 5.5m simple beam shown that carries a total dead load of 30 kN/m and a total live
load of 50kN/m. Columns are 400mm square. Take 𝑓𝑐′ = 21𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 280𝑀𝑃𝑎.
350𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑢

500𝑚𝑚 𝑑 = 425𝑚𝑚

5.50𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 6𝐷20𝑚𝑚

10 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

11 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

2. Design the shear reinforcement of the beam shown. Take 𝑓𝑐′ =28MPa, 𝑓𝑦𝑡 =280MPa and 𝑓𝑦 =420MPa. Clear cover = 40mm
and use 375mm square column.

𝑃𝑢 = 116 𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝑢 = 116 𝑘𝑁 300𝑚𝑚

𝑤𝑢 = 65𝑘𝑁/𝑚

500𝑚𝑚
1.75𝑚 1.65𝑚 2.35𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 3𝐷25𝑚𝑚

12 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

13 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

SITUATION: Refer to Figure 1 and for simplified calculation for shear.

Given: bxh = 400mm x 600mm
Ast = 8x32mmØ bars
Clear cover to 12mmØ lateral ties = 40mm
Concrete (normal weight), 𝑓𝑐′ = 28 MPa
Steel fy = 415 MPa
Shear strength reduction factor = 0.75
Due to reversal lateral force, the design axial load due to combined effect of DL, LL, and WL change as follows:
For WL to the (+)X direction: Mu = -420 kN-m; Vu = +370 kN;
Nu = +1,320 kN
For WL to the (-)X direction: Mu = +420 kN-m; Vu = -370 kN;
Nu = +450 kN

411.4.1 SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION FOR VC.

Shear strength Vc shall be computed by provisions of Sections 411.4.1.1 through 411.4.1.3 unless a more detailed
calculation is made in accordance with 411.4.2.
411.4.1.1 For members subjected to shear and flexure only,
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-3)

411.4.1.2 For members subjected to axial and compression.

𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 + ) 𝜆 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (411-4)
14𝐴𝑔

𝑁𝑢
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
𝐴𝑔
411.4.1.3 For members subject to significant axial tension, shear reinforcement shall be designed to carry total shear,
unless a more detailed calculation is made using Section 411.4.2.1 through 411.4.2.3.
𝑦

𝐹𝐼𝐺𝑈𝑅𝐸 1

3. Determine the concrete nominal shear strength (kN) for the (+)X-direction of WL using simplified calculation.
4. Determine the concrete nominal shear strength (kN) for the (-)X-direction of WL using simplified calculation.
5. Determine the required spacing (mm) of the shear reinforcements. Apply code provisions on spacing limits of
reinforcement where applicable.
6. If the spacing of the lateral reinforcements is 150mm, determine the value of the factored shear strength capacity (kN) if
the section is subjected to a significant axial tensile load Nu = 450 kN.

14 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

15 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

′
SITUATION: A concrete beam section with 𝑓𝑐 = 25 MPa is 250 mm wide, 500 mm deep has a 435 mm effective depth. It is
reinforced with 1902 mm2 of tension steel with fy = 275 MPa. Using the more detailed calculations of Section 422.5.5.1,
422.5.6.1, 422.5.7.1 of the 2015 NSCP, determine 𝑉𝑐 , the nominal shear strength of concrete considering the following
cases:
7. Vu = 270 kN, Mu = 100 kN-m
8. Vu = 270 kN, Mu = 100 kN-m and axial compression Nu = 180 kN
9. Vu = 270 kN, Mu = 100 kN-m and axial tension Nu = -180 kN

16 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

17 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

SITUATION: The 550mmx700mm column of the special moment frames is shown. Clear cover to the 12mm transverse
reinforcement is 40mm. Longitudinal bar diameter is 28mm.
Concrete Strength, 𝑓𝑐′ = 35MPa
Longitudinal reinforcement, 𝑓𝑦 =415MPa
Transverse reinforcement, 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 275MPa
Pu=4000kN; Vux=750kN

10. Compute the required spacing (mm) of transverse reinforcements (hoops) based on shear.
11. Compute the maximum spacing of transverse reinforcements according to the provision for seismic design.
12. Compute the required spacing of transverse reinforcements over a length of 𝑙𝑜 according to the provision for seismic
design.

18 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

19 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO