UNIT 1:

FORCES
JAMES DELA VEGA GUARNES
LIFE PERFORMANCE OUTCOME
 As a Christ-centered Paulinian, I am a
mindful, self-directed learner and role
model, consciously expressing my
Faith.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Investigate the relationship between the amount of

force applied and the mass of the object to the amount
of change in the object’s motion
 (SF8E-1a-15)
 
AT THE END OF THE DISCUSSION:
 a. I CAN differentiate balanced from unbalanced force.
 b.I CAN investigate the relationship between the amount
of force applied and the mass of the object to the amount
of change in the object’s motion.
 c. I CAN explain the factors that affect the object’s motion.
 Multiple forces act on a single
object. It may cause an object
to move, change its direction,
or to stop. Regardless of the
type of motion an object may
be affected by forces from
different directions act on it.
Even if the object is not moving,
there are many forces acting on
it. How are you going to assess
the effect of these multiple
forces acting on an object?
MAY THE FORCE
BE WITH YOU!
Look at the three
pictures below and
identify the type of
forces that act on
them.
MAY THE FORCE
BE WITH YOU!
Look at the three
pictures below and
identify the type of
forces that act on
them.
MAY THE FORCE
BE WITH YOU!
Look at the three
pictures below and
identify the type of
forces that act on
them.
Forces
A soccer player
kicks a ball.
 Force
isthe push or pull of an object. It is a
physical quantity that either produces or
prevents the motion of an object.
isthe influence that one body exerts to
another to change the object’s state of
motion.
 Force
 the
Systeme International (SI) unit of force is Newton
(N), which is equivalent to
There are different forces around
us.
What are the different kinds of
force?
FOUR FUNDAMENTAL FORCES
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
2. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
3. STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
4. WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
 Force exerted between electrically charged particles.
 Composed of two forces : electric force and magnetic
force.
 ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
 Theelectric force is the force being exerted by a moving
charged particle to each other while magnetic force is the
force exerted by a moving charged particle to another
moving charged particle or to a magnetic object.
 TheEM force causes electric and magnetic forces on an
object. It can be attractive or repulsive.
GRAVITATIONAL
FORCE
 Forceexerted by an object with
mass to another object with mass.
 It is also called as gravity
 Asan attractive force, it tends to
pull objects towards each other.
STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
 Forceexerted that holds
protons and neutrons of the
atom together.
 It
occurs on a very short
distance in the nucleus of the
atom but it is a very strong
force.
 WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
 Force responsible for
radioactive decay.
Radioactive decay is the
process by which a heavy
atom is transformed into
lighter atoms. In this process,
the heavy atom loses energy.
TRIVIA:
 Among the 4 fundamental forces, strong nuclear
force is the strongest. It is followed by
electromagnetic forces and weak nuclear force.
Gravitational force is the weakest fundamental
force.
TYPES OF FORCES IN CLASSICAL
MECHANICS
1. WEIGHT
2. NORMAL FORCE
3. FRICTION
4. TENSION
5. APPLIED FORCE
 WEIGHT
 is
the downward pull of
gravity by a planet or
another celestial body to
an object on or near its
surface.
WEIGHT
 The weight of an object
varies from one planet
to another celestial
body. For example, the
weight of an object on
Earth is different from
it’s weight on the moon.
Formula in finding the weight:
 Tocalculate the weight of an object on Earth,
multiply the mass of an object in kilograms to the
acceleration due to gravity on Earth.
Fw = mg
Where Fw is the weight, m is the mass in kilograms (kg), and
g is the acceleration due to gravity. (9.8 m/s2)
 EXAMPLE 1
What is the weight of a 10.0 kg
bag of rice?
 EXAMPLE 2
AuntCarla will be sending a 15
N balikbayan box. What is the
mass of the balikbayan box?
 EXAMPLE 3

A body with a mass of 50.0 kg is

assumed to be in Earth’s gravitational
field with g= (9.8 m/s2 ). Find its weight.
 EXAMPLE 4
A farmer is lifting some moderately heavy
rocks from a field to plant crops. He lifts a
stone that weighs about 180 N. What is the
mass of the stone?
NORMAL FORCE
 An upward force exerted
by two objects in contact
with one another. The
direction of the force is
perpendicular to the
surface of contact. It is
also called as the
contact force.
FRICTION
 Forcethat resists the motion of
an object sliding across a
surface.
 It
is always parallel to the
surface of contact and
opposite in direction to motion
of the object or another force
attempting to move it.
TENSION
 Force that causes
string to stretch. It is
also the force
transmitted through a
string or any object
that is long and thin.
 APPLIED FORCE
 General term for any force exerted to move an
object regardless of whether the object moved
or not.
 Applied forces are usually exerted by humans,
other living things, or tools under their control.
 APPLIED FORCE
 Ifa human moved an object by placing an
object above his palm, such as how a waiter
brings food, then the applied force is normal
force. If the tool used to pull an object is a
rope or string, then the applied force is also a
tension.
 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
 A visual technique used to represent all forces acting on a single
object.
• Arrows represent forces acting on an object.
 The length of the arrow represents the magnitude while an
arrowhead represents the direction.
 A free-body diagram is used to visualize the forces on the object
when two or more forces act on an object, which is oftentimes the
actual case.
 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
 The tail of the arrow represents the point at which the force
is applied. It is also called the point of application.
 Its length indicates the magnitude of the force.
 The line is extended parallel to the line of action and the
direction of the force as shown by the arrowhead.
 The free-body diagram for applied force varies depending
on the situation.
 Weight is always drawn downward, while normal force is written upward.
Tension is drawn towards the direction where it pulls the object. Friction is
always drawn opposite to the object’s motion.
 STEPS: FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
1. Draw the sketch of the object in the middle of the coordinate system.
a. Draw a horizontal and vertical line to represent lines of action. The lines of
action are similar to the x- and y-axes of a rectangular coordinate system.
- The first line of action is a horizontal line and is parallel to the ground.
- The second line of action is vertical and is perpendicular to the ground.
b. Draw a sketch of the object to which the forces are exerted at the
middle of this coordinate system.
 STEPS: FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS
2. Draw the forces as vector arrows.
i. Start with the tail of the arrow where the force is directly applied.
ii. The arrow is drawn without regard to the parts of the object these
forces are acting.
iii. Extend the line pointing away from the axis parallel to the line of
action.
iv. The length of the arrow will represent the magnitude of the force.
STEPS: FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS
3. Identify all forces acting on the object.
These forces may be implied to be
experienced by the object from its given
situation or forces that are not explicitly
given.
STEPS: FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS
4. Label the forces. In labeling forces, we will establish a convention of variables for
specific forces in classical forces.
i. One way of doing this is to use F to label all the forces, with subscripts indicating
the kind of force: (Fw) for weight, (Fn) for normal force, (Ff) for friction, (FT) for
tension, and (Fa) for the applied force.
ii. If there is more than one force of the same kind, we can use numbers to label
them. For example, if there are two different applied forces, we could label them as
(F1) and (F2).
iii. Another way that is commonly used is labeling tension as T, weight as W,
lowercase f as friction, and uppercase F as an applied force or any unspecified force.
YOUR TURN!
 Check Your Understanding

Draw the free-body diagram of the following.

1. a basket of green apples placed on top of the table bought
by Edna earlier
2. Austin and Steven pushing a cabinet to the right side of the
room
3. Mario riding his bike to see Edna at the park
 Check Your Understanding

Draw the free-body diagram of the following.

4. Mang Jose going up the coconut tree to get some coconut
fruit for the fruit salad being prepared by Maria
5. Jacob helping Anna carry her books while going to the
library