GROUPS AND ITS

ORGANIZATIONS

“No man is an island”
-John Donne
Group

 is a collection of individuals bound together who
share a set of sense of common identity which
usually interacts in a daily basis.

 it consist of two or more number of people sharing

common interest, norms and expectation who are in
constantly interacting
 Classification of Human
Grouping

Social group
Social aggregate
Social category
“Human beings are political animals”-Aristotle
-man becomes man because he is a social individual interacting and
living among others govern by norms, expectations, laws and customs.
 Social Groups

 refers to two or more people who interact regularly
and who have things in common
 Individuals who are united by their similar
characteristics which serve as the basis of their
constant interaction.
 A family, a village, a political party, a trade union is all
social groups.
 like a romantic couple, a family, friends, classmates, or
coworkers
 Barkada may be classified as social group
 Social Categories

 is a collection of people that have certain
characteristics or traits in common, but they tend not
to interact with each other on a regular basis.
 For example, teenagers is a social category because
they are all within a particular age range and share
certain characteristics.
 Are like gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, age,
class, etc.
 Social Aggregate

 is a collection of people who are in the same place at
the same time, but who otherwise do not necessarily
have anything in common, and who may not interact
with each other.
 People gathered in shopping mall may be
categorized in this
 Factors That influence
Groups

Motivational base shared by
individual
- Size of group
- Type of group goals
- Kind of group cohesion
 Primary and Secondary
group

 It was Charles H. Cooley who introduced the terms .
 Primary group refers to small group in which
member are characterized by an intimate, informal,
warm, face-to-face interaction and association or
having personal ties with each other. Examples are
family, friends, peer, classmates.
 Secondary group are characterized by formal,
impersonal, few emotional attachment and limited
interaction. Examples are acquaintances,
intercollegiate organizations, schools
Comparison of Primary and Secondary Group
Primary Group Secondary Group
Generally small  Usually large
Relatively long period of Relatively short
interaction duration, often
temporary
Intimate, face-to-face Little or less intimacy or
mutual understanding
Some emotional depth in Relationships generally
relationships superficial
Cooperative, friendly Formal and impersonal
and informal
expressive instrumental

Source: Schaefer, R.T. (2008:78). Sociology Matters,

Third Edition Retrieved and Modifef
 In-group and Out-group
 Coined the terms by William Graham Summer to identify the


difference between groups based on the characteristics that
generate feelings(Sullivan 2007:103)
 In-groups type of groups to which there is a feeling of “we belong”
 An in-group is a group to which one belongs and with which one
feels a sense of identity.
 An out-group is a group to which one does not belong and to
which he or she may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.
 Out-group are considered different from us and less desirable that
ourselves hence being tagged as “they” group.
 According to Summer(1906) cited from Suvillian (2007) an in-
group is one that we feel positively toward and identify with and
that produces a sense of loyalty or “we” feeling. Out-group are
those to which we do not belong and that we view n a neutral or
possibly hostile fashion
 Reference group

The term was coined by Herbert Hyman in one of
his researches of social class.
The group that we may or may not belong to, but
do influence an individual’s behavior
This type of group are responsible in the ways in
which other people influence our attitudes and
behavior. The impact of influence to our attitudes
and behavior will most likely be the basis of our
decision
A group that individual uses as a frame of
reference for self-evaluation and attitude formation
 Reference Group
Normative reference
 group –
groups which set and enforce certain values
and norms

Comparative reference group –

groups which serves as comparinoson
 Network
Refers to the structure of relationships between

social actors or groups. These are interconnections,
ties , linkages between people, their groups, and
the larger social institutions to which they all
belong to.
Modern societies feature more expansive, diverse
and overlapping social networks than primitive
ones.
Network in business is essential. It caters larger
prospects of clients and possible expansion of
business due to its significance.
 Social Organization

is a process of bringing order and
significance into human social life. It has its
roots in social interaction.