Good

Afternoon
Week 6-Quarter 1
 SURFACE AREA
CATALYST

Rate of
Reactions
After going through
this lesson, you are
expected to:

• Determine the limiting reactant in a

reaction and calculate the amount of
product formed. S11/12PS-IIIh-27
1. Give the fundamental concepts of
stoichiometry.
2. Perform stoichiometric related
calculations.
3. Recognize the significance of
stoichiometric calculations in the
efficient use of materials for mass
production.
STOICHIOMETRY
STOICHIOMETRY
• Derived from the Greek word “ stoickein” means element and
“metron” means “ measure”
• measure of elements.
• is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative study
of the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.
• It includes the writing and balancing of equation.
• Heart of the production of many things
Definition of terms:
• The mole (symbol: mol) is the base unit of amount of substance in the
International System of Units (SI).
• It is the amount of reactant and product in the reaction.
• It is defined as exactly 6.02214076×1023 particles, which may be
atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons.
• Molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of 1 mole of a
substance. S.I Unit of Molar mass is gram per mole, and it is
represented as g/mol.
• Limiting reactant – the reactants has the capacity to control the
outcome
- the reaction stops when this substance is totally consumed.
• The limiting reactant reduces the amount of product that must be
produced.

• Excess reactant - reactant that was left over after the reaction.
• Balanced Equation – means that the number of atoms for each element is the
same for the reactant and product side of the equation.

• Molar ratio is derived from the coefficients of the reactant and products in a
balanced chemical reaction

• Theoretical yield is the value of expected outcome in the reaction.

• Actual yield is the experimental value or the actual amount of products form.

• The ratio of the actual and theoretical value times 100 will provide information on
the success rate of the reaction. This is presented in percentage as percent yield.
It is important that the number of elements found on the reactant side is equal
to the number of the same elements on the product side. This makes a balanced
equation.
Stoichiometry Calculations

•Molar Mass
• Multiply the atomic weight* of the element to the number of
atoms present in a chemical equation.
(*for convenience, round off to whole number the atomic weight)
• Add the products of all the elements in the compound to get the
molar mass.
Solve the Molar Mass of Carbon Dioxide.
Let’s try to solve the molar mass of the
following.
Let’s try to solve the molar mass of the
following.
Mole Ratio

• is derived from the coefficients of the reactant

and products in a balanced chemical reaction.
 CO + O2 -> CO2
• What is the mole ratio of carbon monoxide to
oxygen gas in the reaction?
• What is the mole ratio of carbon monoxide to
carbon dioxide in the reaction?
• What is the mole ratio of oxygen gas to
carbon dioxide in the reaction?
Stoichiometry Conversion

Moles to Moles conversion

Mass to Moles Conversion
Problem 1: H2O -> H2 + O2

• How many moles of oxygen gas will be

produced from 6.2 moles of water?
Problem No. 2

Propane (C3H8) reacts with oxygen

gas to produce carbon dioxide and
water. How many moles of oxygen
gas are required to produced 14
moles of H2O?
Problem No. 3

What is the mass in grams

of 4.30 moles of
Aluminum?
Problem No. 4

What is the mass in grams

of 0.850 moles of sulfur
dioxide (SO2)?
Assignment: Solve the following.
1. Calculate the molar mass of
(a) KMnO4 (b) NaOH (c) Fe (NO3)3
2. What is the mass in grams of 0.15 mole KMnO4 ?
3. How many moles are in 46 grams of NAOH ?
4. How many grams are in 2.0 moles of Fe (NO3)3?
5. a. Balance and get the mole ratio of the equation:
NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O
• Limiting reactant – the reactants has the capacity to control the
outcome
- the reaction stops when this substance is totally consumed.
• The limiting reactant reduces the amount of product that must be
produced.

• Excess reactant - reactant that was left over after the reaction.
• Theoretical yield is the value of expected outcome in the reaction.

• Actual yield is the experimental value or the actual amount of

products form.

• The ratio of the actual and theoretical value times 100 will provide
information on the success rate of the reaction. This is presented in
percentage as percent yield.
Steps
• Write and balance the equation.
• Get the molar mass of each substance in the reaction.
• Use stoichiometry to determine the limiting and excess reactant
of the reaction.
• To get the amount of the remaining excess reactant, subtract
the mass of excess reactant consumed from the total mass of
the excess reagent given.
• Compute the percentage yield of the reaction.
6.5 g H2 reacted with 12 g of O2. (a) what is the mass of
water produced by the reaction? (b) which of the
reactants is the limiting reactant? (c) how much of the
excess reactant was left over? (d) what is the % yield of
the reaction if the actual yield is 12.87g of water?

H2 + O2 -> H2O
• 30 grams of propane (C3H8) burns
in air to produce 70g of carbon
dioxide. Calculate the theoretical
and percent yield of carbon dioxide.