GRAMMAR

TRAN.'ZIION

Renny Rahmawati 123 221 245

Rizki Sabilla Ramadhani 123 221 257
GTM (Grammar Translation Method)

Introduction

Advantage
Definition
Disadvantage

Language History

GTM
Language
usage Principle

Classroom
Objective techniques
Random House unabridged Dictionary

GTM means a traditional technique of foreign-language teaching based

on explicit instruction in the grammatical analysis of the target
language and translation of sentences from the native language into
the target language and vice versa.

Richard and Rogers, 2002 (as cited in Barb, 2010)

GTM is a way of studying a language that approaches the language

first thought detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by the
application of this knowledge through the task of translating
sentences and text into and out of the target language.
Defi nition

* The Grammar-
Translation Method is
a method of foreign
or second language
teaching whicn uses
translation and
grammar study as
the main teaching
and learning
activities.
 GTM is the oldest method of teaching. The
grammar translation method is a foreign
language teaching method derived from the
classical (sometimes called traditional)
method of teaching Greek and Latin. This
method has been used from the classical
times to translate classical languages, Latin
and Greek, it has been called Classical
method.
 The goal of foreign language study is to learn a language
in order to read its literature.
2. Vocabulary and grammar are emphasized.
3. Vocabulary selection is based solely on the reading
text
used, and words are taught throw ual te: word
dictionary study, and memorizatio lists,
4. The sentence is the basic unit of te ching
practice.
Accuracy is emphasized. r
5. Grammar is taught deductively; th
6. e given
grammar rules and example and are told; rize
them, and then asked to apply the rules to
examples.
The student's native language is the mediu
instruction.
Classroom Techniques
1. The roles of the teacher and the student.
2 Translation^ literary passage as the main
classroom activity.
3. Reading comprehension activity.
4. Vocabulary activity.
5. Grammar activity.
OBJBCTIVES 0F6TM

To be able to read literature written

in the target language
To be able to translate from one
language to another
To develop reading and writing skill
L1 USAGE: Classes are conducted in the
native language. Classroom instructions
are given in L1.
L2 USAGE: The foreign language use is
limited. Classroom will use foreign
language for L2.
READING: read literature in the target
language is the aim of this method.
WRITING: reading and writing are studied
at the same time.
LISTENING: little attention is given to
listening. There is no listening training.
SPEAKING: Also this is not an important
aspect of the method.
1. The first language is maintained as the reference system in the
learning of the second language.
2
Comparison between two languages helps students to have a
better understanding of the sentence meaning.
Systematic study of grammatical rules plays an important role in
3. fostering students' ability of reading and grammar.
The focus on understanding literary texts
4. Makes few demands on teachers although it often creates
5. frustration for students.
Translation is the easiest way of explaining meanings or words
and phrases from one language into another.
6. Teacher and students are easy to communicate/It does not need
native language

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Disadvantages
Overemphasis on translation can never emancipate the
learners from dependence on the first language.
2.
The Grammar-Translation puts too much emphasis on
reading and writing and neglects listening and speaking. In
the Grammar-Translation Method, the texts are mostly taken
3. form literary works. The language learned often doesn't meet
the practical needs of the learners.
Memorizing grammar rules and bilingual word lists does not
4. motivate students to actively communicate in the target
language.
No scope for effective communication and very tedious for
Learner.
5.
Direct translation is widely regarded as an inefficient way of
becoming fluent in any language
6.
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