CIVE 751 Non-linear FE Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures

Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering

Marwan Alaa Naeem

100063027

Section 10.1: Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– The Shallow shell theory can be applied to a range of shell formulations.

– Will stick to the Reissner-Mindlin formulation.

– With isoparametric interpolation functions.

– Similarly, to Chapter 9:

– The basic variables are ,w,

– To be expanded using shape functions h1 , … , hn, in array h, to define:

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– And assembling the in-plane nodal displacements in a and the nodal rotations in θ:

For 1st node,

a= , θ= and so on

(10.21)

– Then:

= Ha , w = hTw , = Hθ (10.22)

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– Then the definition of the variation of the in-plane strains, Equation (10.6), to derive the

discretized expression:
δl = Bδa + (BW’)Bwδw (10.23)

– With B the conventional strain-nodal displacement matrix for small gradients:

[ ]
𝜕 h1 𝜕 h𝑛
0 ... ... 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 h1 𝜕 h𝑛
𝐁= 0 ... ... 0
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 h1 𝜕 h1 𝜕 h𝑛 𝜕 h𝑛
... ...
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– Where:

(10.24)

[ ]
– And:
𝜕 h1 𝜕 h𝑛
...
𝐁 𝜔= 𝜕 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 (10.25)
𝜕 h1 𝜕 h𝑛
...
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
– The discretized expressions for the variation of the curvature, δχ, and for the variation of the

out-of-plane shear strains, δγ, become:

𝛿 𝛘=𝐁 𝛿𝜃 𝛿𝛾=𝐇 𝛿𝜃+𝐁 𝜔 𝛿 𝐰
(10.26) (10.27) 5
 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– The starting point for the derivation of the internal force vector and the tangential stiffness

matrix is the virtual work equation.

– which for the case of a shallow shell can be written as:

– Considering the kinematic assumptions:

– vanishes,

– for the shell surface A ≈

– integrating through the depth.

– The equation becomes: (10.28)

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– Decomposing the generalized stresses N, M and Q into their values after iteration j and the

iterative correction during iteration j + 1.

– Substituting the equations for the variations “”and linearising gives:

– Considering the kinematic assumptions:

– vanishes,

– for the shell surface A ≈

– integrating through the depth.

– The equation becomes:

(10.29)
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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– With the internal force vectors defined as:

(10.30)

– Inserting the constitutive relation for the shallow shell, Equation (10.20), and requiring that

Equation (10.29) holds for arbitrary () yields the following set of equations:

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– Which formally resembles those for the shallow arch using the Timoshenko assumption.

– With submatrices of the tangential stiffness matrix as:

(10.31)

– The third contribution to Kww can be identified as the geometric contribution to the

tangential stiffness matrix.

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 Shallow-shell Formulations “Cont’d”

– Kww stems from the last term on the left-hand side of Equation (10.29), which can be rewritten

as:

(10.32)

(10.33)

– Where assembles the normal forces in a matrix:

(10.34)

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Thank You

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