TCP/IP Protocol: Simatic Net

TCP/IP Protocol
Development, service
Service specialist Internet

from on the road
Production
Commercial
online service
provider, e.g. aol
SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Siemens AG 2001. All rights reserved.
Date: 01.12.2001 SITRAIN Training für
File No.: 7TC_ip.1 Automatisierungs- und Antriebstechnik
Development of TCP/IP (1)
Original DoD networks
Special military
networks
ARPANET
From 1983 to 1991 Special military

networks
ARPANET MILNET
Defense Data Network

Development of TCP/IP (2)
 LAN Local Area Network
“UNIX in the neighborhood”
 WAN Wide Area Network
“UNIX at large”

Internet (1)
• Network
• Internet interconnection
LAN MAN
WAN Satellite

Internet (2)
Internet as seen by the user Physical structure of the Internet
Internet Internet
physical
net
gateway
Hosts Hosts

Internet (3)
Services
 E-mail (electronic mail) – "Mailbox to the world of Internet"
 FTP "Internet data transfer"
 Newsgroups "Discussion forums for active communication on the
Internet"
 Telnet "Remote control for Internet databases"
 WorldWideWeb "Internet multimedia"
Known as WWW or W3
The newest, most up-to-date, user-friendly and universal information
service on the Internet
The WWW allows you to travel round the world with a mouse click
("surfing")
 Voice over IP (VoIP) Data, speech, fax and video on a single shared IP
network.
Professional voice/data integration solution
Used in intranets.
 Internet Phone "Cheap rate telephone calls worldwide"

Internet (4)
 Internet
Worldwide computer network in which the TCP/IP protocol family is used
for communication.
 Intranet
Use of the established Internet technology for a limited set of users, e.g.
the employees of a company in an internal company network.
An intranet can be connected to the Internet - protected or shielded by a
"firewall".
 Extranet
Area of the Internet where access is controlled by a login name and
password, e.g. for customers and field service personnel of a company.

Internet TCP/IP Documentation
IEN Internet Engineering Note
The original publications of those engaged in the work on Internet,

parallel in some cases to the RFCs which succeeded them.
RFC Request for Comments
Publications of the Internet institutions and participants.
• Protocol specifications
• Articles
• New ideas, suggestions, improvements
Provisional versions of RFCs are also referred to as “Internet

drafts”.
Approx. 2000 RFCs in existence at present

Internet TCP/IP Documentation (2)
Proposal
Submission to IETF
Experimental or
informal
Proposed Standard
Draft Standard
Full Standard

TCP/IP Protocol Stack (1)
7 TELNET HTTP SMTP NFS

6 TFTP POP3 MIME
FTP ESMTP SNMP
5 DNS NNTP
4
TCP UDP
3 ICMP
IP
ARP RARP
2
Subnet
1

7 TELNET HTTP SMTP NFS

6 TFTP ESMTP MIME
FTP SNMP
5 DNS NNTP
4
TCP UDP
3 ICMP
IP
ARP RARP
2
Subnet
1

7
rcp rcmd
6 rlogin remsh
rsh
5
4
TCP UDP
3 ICMP
IP
ARP RARP
2
Subnet
1

7
arp netstat rdist rwho
6
finger ping talk
5 ruptime
4
TCP UDP
3 ICMP
IP
ARP RARP
2
Subnet
1

7
TELNET
6
TFTP
5
4
TCP UDP
3 ICMP
IP
ARP RARP
2
Subnet
1

7
TELNET
6
TFTP
5
4
TCP UDP
3 ICMP
IP
ARP RARP
2
Subnet
1

Workstation
A •Packet switching
Message is distributed in
packets
Network A
•Routing
Message transported
via the nodes
Nodes
Network B
Workstation
B

IP Header Structure (1)
0 31
Version
Version IHL Type of Service Total Length
Physical Header
Version
Identification Flags Fragment Offset Link Header
Version Network Header

Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum
Transport Header
Version Session Header
Source Address
Presentation Header
Version
Destination Address Application Header
Version Data
Options
Version Trailer
Options Padding

IP Header Structure (2)
0 31
Version
Version IHL Type of Service Total Length
Physical Header
Version
Identification Flags Fragment Offset Link Header
Version Network Header

Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum
Transport Header
Version Session Header
Source Address
Presentation Header
Version
Destination Address Application Header
Version Data
Options
Version Trailer
Options Padding

Internet Addresses
Address type A (Few subnets with a large number of stations
per subnet)
b31 b0
Version
0 Subnet Station address
Address type B (Medium number of subnets and stations)
b31 b0
Version
10 Subnet Station address
Address type C (Large number of subnets with few stations

per subnet)
b31 b0
Version Station
110 Subnet
address

Internet Addresses (2)
 The 32-bit IP address is represented by 4 decimal numbers separated
by a period:
e.g. 141.73.4.238
 The address is separated into network ID (N) and host ID (H)
 There are different network classes:
 Class A: 0-127.H.H.H approx. 16 million hosts/network
 Class B: 128-191.N.H.H approx. 65,000 hosts/network
 Class C: 192-223.N.N.H 254 hosts/network
 Class D: 224-239.M.M.M (multicast)
 Class E: 240-255.R.R.R (reserved)
 Addresses must be unique throughout the network
 InterNIC assigns addresses for the INTERNET

Internet Addresses (3)
129.211
129.10
Router
129.10.0.1 129.10.0.2
129.211.7.16 129.211.29.5
10 192.168.10
10.0.0.37 10.0.0.52 192.168.10.3 192.168.10.5

Subnets (Subnetting) (1)
Internal processing in PC/workstation
1 Local address 2 Remote address
Local SN mask Local SN mask
Result A (local network) Result B (remote network)
If A=B destination host in same network

If A=B destination host in a different network
Logical AND

141.73.4.238 141.73.4.239
Subnet 141.73.4 141.73.5.18
Internet
141.73.0.33
141.73.0.41
Subnet 141.73.0 141.73.1.2


Fragmentation of an Internet Datagram (1)
Ver = 4 IHL = 5 Type of Service Total Length = 472

Identification = 111 FI = 0 Fragment Offset = 0
Time = 123 Protocol = 6 Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
Data
Data

Fragmentation of an Internet Datagram (2)
Source Address
Destination Address
Data
Data
+
Source Address
Destination Address
Data
Data

ICMP Protocol
The ICMP protocol is used for

exchanging management information
and reporting network errors

ARP Protocol
Finding an address with the ARP protocol
From 1 to All Stations: Who's got Internet address X?
From 5 to 1: I've got Internet address X
From 1 to 5: IP datagram from Internet address A

to Internet address X
Internet address A Internet address X
Local address 1 Local address 5

TCP Protocol
TCP ...
... stands for Transmission Control Protocol.
... is a Layer 4 transport protocol.
... installs logical (virtual) full duplex connections between two end
stations
(connection-oriented end to end protocol).
... detects and corrects transmission errors (loss, duplication,

mutilation of data) by means of sequence numbers, checksum,
acknowledgement with time monitoring and segment retry,
thereby ensuring accurate data transfer.
... provides flow control mechanisms (sliding window principle).
... allows expedited data transmission.
... offers multiplexing facilities using TCP port numbers

TCP Addressing
Ports
T C P
Internet
addresses
I P
Socket
=
Port
+
Internet address

TCP Header (1)
b0 b31
Version
Source Port Destination Port
Physical Header
Version
Link Header
Sequence Number
Network Header
Version
Transport Header
Acknowledgment Number
Session Header
Version U A P R S F Presentation Header
Data
Reserved R C S Y Window
Offset G K H S N I Application Header
N
Version T
Checksum Urgent Pointer Data
Version Trailer
Options Padding

TCP Header (2)
b0 b31
Version
Physical Header
Version
Link Header
Sequence Number
Network Header
Version
Transport Header
Acknowledgment Number
Session Header
Version U A P R S F Presentation Header
Data
Reserved R C S Y Window
Offset G K H S N I Application Header
N
Version T
Checksum Urgent Pointer Data
Version Trailer
Options Padding

Three-Way Handshake when Establishing a Transport
Connection
(Seq = 100; SYN)
(Seq = 300; Ack = 101; SYN)
(Seq = 101; Ack = 301)

The TCP Acknowledgement Principle
..
.
(Seq = 101; Ack = 301; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 301; Ack = 151)
(Seq = 301; Ack = 151; 300 bytes)
(Seq = 151; Ack = 601; 200 bytes)
Time
out
(Seq = 151; Ack = 601; 200 bytes)
(Seq = 601; Ack = 351)

Time
out (Seq = 151; Ack = 601; 200 bytes)
(Seq = 601; Ack = 351)

..
.

Flow Control in TCP
(Seq = 351; Ack = 601; Wnd = 100; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 601; Ack = 401; Wnd = 200)
(Seq = 401; Ack = 601; Wnd = 100; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 601; Ack = 451; Wnd = 150)
(Seq = 451; Ack = 601; Wnd = 100; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 601; Ack = 501; Wnd = 100)
(Seq = 501; Ack = 601; Wnd = 100; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 551; Ack = 601; Wnd = 100; 50 bytes)

Time
out (Seq = 501; Ack = 601; Wnd = 100; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 601; Ack = 601; Wnd = 200)

Clearing Connections in TCP (Soft Release)
..
.
(Seq = 601; Ack = 676; 50 bytes)
(Seq = 676; Ack = 651; 24 bytes)
(Seq = 651; Ack = 700; FIN)
(Seq = 700; Ack = 652; 100 bytes)
(Seq = 652; Ack = 800)
(Seq = 800; Ack = 652; FIN; 100 bytes)
(Seq = 652; Ack = 901)

UDP Protocol
 UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol
 Connectionless datagram service
 No flow control, no correction mechanisms
 Message exchange with a minimum of protocol overhead

(8-byte header)
 Process multiplexing using channel numbers (ports)
 Broadcast (message to all stations in the network)
 Multicast (message to several stations in the network)

UDP Header Format
b0 b31
Length (of Data) Checksum
Data

RFC 1006
ISO Transport Service on TCP
 Replaces RFC 983
 Basically identical to ISO 8072/8073 Class 0
 Message-oriented operation using the ISO transport service
 Provides the transport service user with the same interface in a TCP/IP
environment as in an ISO/OSI environment

The Data Flow Problem .....
100 bytes 50 bytes

100 bytes 200 bytes 200 bytes
200 bytes 220 bytes 50 bytes 100 bytes
50 bytes 130 bytes
RFC 1006 RFC 1006
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP
Ethernet Ethernet
Input blocks = Input blocks =
Output blocks Output blocks

User Interfaces
User interfaces Optimized functions

for transparent
access to PLC data
S7 functions
Send / Receive
TCP with RFC 1006:
UDP: For simple For simple, reliable
data transmission RFC1006 data transmission
without via logical links
acknowledgement UDP TCP
IP
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer

Why TCP with RFC 1006 as User Interface ?
 TCP ensures reliable transmission in the correct sequence

 There is no mechanism for transporting the data via the
virtual link in the form of messages
 The ISO protocol has the EOM identifier, which is lacking in
TCP
 Solution 1: Use of fixed frame lengths (PLC programs ISO 
TCP)
 Solution 2: Use of a mechanism like that in ISO. There is only
one official solution for this: RFC 1006

RFC 1006 in Use
 Advantages:
 Open standard (IETF STD 35)
 Block transfer in the correct sequence with variable frame
lengths
 Identical interface for ISO/OSI and TCP/IP communication!
(S7 functions and SEND/RECEIVE)
 Identical handling for ISO/OSI and TCP/IP communication,
handling already familiar!
 Requirement:
 There must be an RFC 1006 block at both ends of the
communication link


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TCP/IP Protocol

Service specialist Internet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

From 1983 to 1991 Special military

Defense Data Network

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

“UNIX in the neighborhood”

 WAN Wide Area Network

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Internet as seen by the user Physical structure of the Internet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

The original publications of those engaged in the work on Internet,

RFC Request for Comments

Publications of the Internet institutions and participants.

Provisional versions of RFCs are also referred to as “Internet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

7 TELNET HTTP SMTP NFS

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

7 TELNET HTTP SMTP NFS

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Version Network Header

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Version Network Header

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Address type B (Medium number of subnets and stations)

Address type C (Large number of subnets with few stations

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

10.0.0.37 10.0.0.52 192.168.10.3 192.168.10.5

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

1 Local address 2 Remote address

Local SN mask Local SN mask

Result A (local network) Result B (remote network)

If A=B destination host in same network

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Subnet 141.73.4 141.73.5.18

Subnet 141.73.0 141.73.1.2

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Ver = 4 IHL = 5 Type of Service Total Length = 472

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

The ICMP protocol is used for

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

From 5 to 1: I've got Internet address X

From 1 to 5: IP datagram from Internet address A

Internet address A Internet address X

Local address 1 Local address 5

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

... is a Layer 4 transport protocol.

... detects and corrects transmission errors (loss, duplication,

... provides flow control mechanisms (sliding window principle).

... allows expedited data transmission.

... offers multiplexing facilities using TCP port numbers