Network Overview: Simatic S7

Network Overview
SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

Automation and Drives
Siemens AG 2004. All rights reserved. File : IE_01F.1
What Are You Going to Learn in This Chapter?
At the end of this chapter you will know ...
... the Ethernet protocol
... the principle of operation of a Vlan network
... the principles of MAC addressing
... the principles of IP addressing
... the Renault network architecture

The Ethernet Protocol


PC A ?
?
?
?
PC B
• Which direction to take to talk to

computer PC B?
• We need some kind of addressing.
• We need a standard.

PC A
PC B
The switches focus on level 2 of the addressing

chain and thus ensure that the telegram frame is
passed on to the correct destination.

Example of a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
(Physical Representation)
Routeur
Router
Switch
Switch
PC PC PC PC
Vlan 1
PC PC PC PC

Example of a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
(Schematic Representation)
VLAN 2
VLAN 1
Router Local network
PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

The Ethernet 802.3 Frame
Preamble @ Destination @ Source Type Data FCS
• The Preamble field has the value of 01111110.

• MAC addressing (Media Access Control) is applied to the
Destination and the Source.
• The field Type describes the type of the frame.
• The field Data contains the actual information to be sent.
Its characteristics will be explained in more detail on the next
slides.
• The field Frame Check Sequence (FCS) contains a CRC
(Cyclic Redundancy Check) for checking the correctness of
the data to be sent.
The MAC Address
 The MAC address is a code comprising 6 octets (also called

“bytes”) and is represented in hexadecimal form.
 MAC Ethernet address comprising 6 octets (bytes). Structure:

 3 octets 3 octets
Editor Identifier Interface Identifier

Siemens : 08-00-06
 The MAC Ethernet address may only occur once in the entire network,
i.e. it has to be unique and unambiguous. (This address is also called
“physical address”.)

Ethernet: The Frame
Ethernet frame 1518 octets (bytes) max.
Preamble @ MAC @ MAC Type

Destination Source
Data FCS
Header @ IP @ IP
Destination Source Data
IP packet

The IP Address
The IP address of a machine

 is made up of 4 octets (bytes). The value of each octet is represented in
decimal format. A dot “.” separates one octet from the next
(= dotted-decimal notation).
Example: @IP = 172.25.35.197
 The IP address is divided into 2 parts of fixed size, depending on its address
class
 These 2 parts are the Network address, followed by the Host address (or
“stations”)
Class @IP @Network @Host

A 1 to 126 .0.0.1 to .255.255.254
B 128.0 to 191.255 .0.1 to .255.254
C
192.0.0 to 223.255.255 .1 to .254
 The addressing mode used in company networks makes no reference to

address classes and is therefore called Classless addressing

The Subnet Mask
The Subnet Mask
 It allows to distinguish between the Network number and the Host number (or: Station
number)
 In binary representation, it comprises
 A block of “ 1 ” bits, followed by a block “ 0 ” bits
 In the IP address of the station, the bits that indicate the network number correspond to the “1” bits
of the mask.
Example: Mask = 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Binary: 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000
Hence, the station address is
@IP = 172 . 25 . 35 . 197
The structure is as follows: Network address Host address
The mask is also defined as "/nb_of_bits_at_1_of_the_mask"

here, the mask is "/24"
 The network address is obtained by combining the IP host address and the network mask
with a “logic AND"
here, the network address is 172.25.35.0

Classless Addressing
 With CLASSLESS ADDRESSING, the number of bits that define the network and host
addresses, is selectable (by the network administrator). It does not depend on the class of the
IP address.
 This selection is made by specifying the appropriate subnet mask.
 Classless addressing allows the creation of subnetworks in order to adjust the network size to
the number of network users.
Example of IP address
BIN 10101100 00011001 11010110 00000001
DEC 172 . 25 . 214 . 1
The following network

Network Station mask is used:
255.255.252.0
Mask: 11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000
In this example:
The address of the subnetwork is 172.25.212.0 and it has a mask of 22.
The address is therefore represented as 172.25.212.0/22.
The mask has the notation /22 or 255.255.252.0

The host address (station address) is therefore 172.25.214.1 /22

Renault Architecture with IP Addresses
MOP
PLC
CP343-1 Lean
@IP: 172.25.212.10
Switch X208
@IP: 172.25.214.2
Zone Cabinet Zone Cabinet
Switch Switch
Display
Display Unit
@IP: 172.25.212.30
SOP SOP
@IP: 172.25.212.20 @IP: 172.25.212.21
BRob BRob BRob BRob
Backup Robot Backup Robot Backup Robot Backup Robot
@IP: 172.25.212.40 @IP: 172.25.212.41 @IP: 172.25.212.42 @IP: 172.25.212.43

Addressing Plan


Network Overview: Simatic S7

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Network Overview

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

At the end of this chapter you will know ...

... the Ethernet protocol

... the principle of operation of a Vlan network

... the principles of MAC addressing

... the principles of IP addressing

... the Renault network architecture

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

• Which direction to take to talk to

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

The switches focus on level 2 of the addressing

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

Router Local network

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

Preamble @ Destination @ Source Type Data FCS

• The Preamble field has the value of 01111110.

 The MAC address is a code comprising 6 octets (also called

 MAC Ethernet address comprising 6 octets (bytes). Structure:

Editor Identifier Interface Identifier

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

Ethernet frame 1518 octets (bytes) max.

Preamble @ MAC @ MAC Type

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

The IP address of a machine

Class @IP @Network @Host

 The addressing mode used in company networks makes no reference to

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

The mask is also defined as "/nb_of_bits_at_1_of_the_mask"

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

The following network

The mask has the notation /22 or 255.255.252.0

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

Zone Cabinet Zone Cabinet

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04/06/23 SITRAIN Training

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