CHITKARA SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
ASSIGNMENT-2 TREES & SHRUBS
SUBMITTED BY-
DEEPALI GUPTA
1915991023
SEM-VI, SEC-A
PLANTS & SHRUBS
CLIMATIC ZONE 1: COMPOSITE
NAME- AMLA
COMMON NAME- BHUMI AMLA, BHUMYAMALKI, AMLAKI
SCIENTIFIC NAME- PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Amla Is The Medium Size Deciduous Plant.
It Grows To The Height Of 8 -18 Meter.
It Has A Crooked Trunk And Spreading Branches.
Its Flower Is Yellow Greenish In Colour.
The Fruit Is Spherical Pale Yellow With Six Vertical Furrows.
It Has A Gray Bark And Reddish Wood.
Its Leaves Are Feathery, Linear Oblong In Shape And Smell Like Lemon.
NAME- MARIGOLD
COMMON NAME- CALTHA, GANDA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- CALENDULA OFFICINALIS
CHARACTERISTICS-
It Flowers From July To September.
The Scented Flowers Are Hermaphrodite (Have Both Male And Female Organs).
It Is Hardy To Zone 6 And Is Frost Tender.
The Lower Leaves Are Broad And Spatula Shaped.
Upper Leaves May Be Oblong, Are Smooth At The Edges, And Are Arranged Alternately Along The
Stem.
Seeds Are Crescent To Horseshoe Shaped With The Rough Exterior.
Its Branching Stem Grows To The Height Of 30- 60 Cm.
NAME- JASMINE
COMMON NAME- MOGHRA KUNDUMALLIGAIMAL LIKA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- JASMINUM SAMBAC
CHARACTERISTICS-
Jasmine Is A Evergreen Semi Vining Shrub.
It Grows To The Height Of 8- 10 Feet.
The Flower Is About One Inch.
It Has Oval Green Rich Leaves, Which Have Five To Nine Leaflets. Each Leaflet Is 2-3 Inches
Long.
Jasmine Flowers Are White In Colour..
Its Stems Are Slender, Trailing, Green And Glaborous.
CLIMATIC ZONE 2: WARM & HUMID
NAME- ORCHID
COMMON NAME- GANDHANAKULI
SCIENTIFIC NAME- ONCIDIUM SPHACELATUM
CHARACTERISTICS-
Orchids are divided into two basic growth types, namely monopodial and sympodial.
Monopodial orchids have a central stem which grows continuously from the tip. They have no
pseudobulbs, but produce new growth from the crown of the plant.
Flowers are produced from the stem between the leaves, usually alternately from side to side.
Sympodial orchids possess a rhizome which sends out a shoot. This develops into a stem and
leaves and eventually produces flowers.
NAME- ROSE
COMMON NAME- GUL, GULAB, GULBAHAR
SCIENTIFIC NAME- HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS
CHARACTERISTICS-
Its height goes upto 2.5-5 ft, and diameter 1.5 to 3 ft.
There are several varieties of the Indian Roses which includes white rose, pink rose, maroon
rose, red rose, yellow rose and orange rose.
It has thorn on its stems.
The leaves are -15 cm long.
Most of the roses are deciduous. The flower has five petals.
NAME- LOTUS
COMMON NAME- PADMA, AMBUJA, PANKAJA, KAMALA, KANWAL, KAMAL
SCIENTIFIC NAME- NELUMBO NUCIFERA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Lotus is the water plant.
It has broad floating leaves and bright fragrant flowers.
The leaves and flowers float and have long stems that contain air spaces.
It has many petals overlapping in the symmetrical pattern.
The round leaves are upto 50 cm in diameter. The flowers are rosy pink with little bit of white
shade. The seeds are hard and dark brown in colour.
TREES
CLIMATIC ZONE 1: COMPOSITE
NAME- INDIAN ROSEWOOD
COMMON NAME- SHISHAM
SCIENTIFIC NAME- DALBERGIA SISSOO
CHARACTERISTICS-
It Is A Erect Deciduous Tree.
It Grows To The Height Of 25 Meter And 2-3 Meter In Diameter.
It Has Leathery Leaves Which Are Up To 15 Cm Long.
The Flowers Are Whitish Pink In Colour.
It Holds Many Medicinal Properties.
Its Wood Is Used For The Making Furniture, Doors, Windows, Etc.
NAME-ASHOKA
COMMON NAME- SITA ASOKA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- SARACA ASOKA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Small, Erect, Evergreen.
Upto 15m In Height
Downward Drooping Leaves And Branches
Possesses Deep Green Leaves That Are 15-25 Cm In Length Growing In Dense Bunches
Flowers Grow In Lush Heavy Bunches And Are Orange- Yellow In Colour.
NAME- KIAKR
COMMON NAME- MORMATI, PAHARI KIKA, PAHARI KIKAR. UDAI VEL
SCIENTIFIC NAME- ACACIAKAROO
CHARACTERISTICS-
Kikar Is The Small Thorny Tree.
It Grows To The Height Of 7 – 12 Meter.
It Has Yellow Round Head Flowers Which Are Nectar Less.
The Bark Is Red -Brown To Blackish And Rough.
The Leaves Are Light Green And Fern Like Up To 120 Mm Long And 50 Mm Wide.
Flowers Are 10- 15 Mm In Diameter, Which Grow In Cluster Between 4 -6 And Are Sweetly
Scented.
CLIMATIC ZONE2 : WARM & HUMID
NAME- PEEPAL
COMMON NAME- PIPALLA, ASHVATTHA BUD, DHA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- FICUS RELIGIOSA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Peepal is a large, fast growing deciduous tree.
It has a heart shaped leaves.
It is a medium size tree and has a large crown with the wonderful wide spreading branches.
The fruits of the Peepal are hidden with the figs. The figs are ripen in the month of May. The
figs which contain the flowers grow in pairs just below the leaves and look like the berries.
Its bark is light gray and peels in patches. • Its fruit is purple in colour. • It is one of the longest
living trees.
NAME- SAL TREE
COMMON NAME- SHALA, SARAI, SARGI
SCIENTIFIC NAME- SHOREA ROBUSTA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Sal is a large sub deciduous tree.
It is up to 30 meter high.
Sal tree is seldom completely leafless.
It has large leathery leaves and yellowish flowers. • They have tough texture
NAME- EUCALYPTUS
COMMON NAME- TAILAPATRA, SUGANDHAPATRA, TAILAPRANA, NILGIRI TAILA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS
CHARACTERISTICS-
Eucalyptus is a tall evergreen tree. •
It attains the height of more than 300 feet.
Leaves of the tree on juvenile shoots are opposite, sessile, cordate-ovate and covered with a bluish white
bloom. The adult leaves are alternate, lanceolate and are 6-12 inches long and 1-2 inches broad.
It flowers are cream in colour.
The appearance of its bark varies with the age of the tree.
Its bark consists of long fibers and can be can be pulled off in long pieces.
Flowers are in cymose panicles. The fruit is a capsule.
INDIAN CREEPERS
CLIMATIC ZONE 1: WARM & HUMID
NAME- CURTAIN CREEPER
COMMON NAME- PARDA BEL
SCIENTIFIC NAME- VERNONIA ELAEGNIFOLIA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Curtain creeper is one of the amazing evergreen vine, mainly grown for its lush green foliage.
It doesn't attract any insect & disease, so it is one of the zero maintenance plants.
It is a creeper that finds it difficult to climb without support.
The tender stems, all hanging down form a curtain, hence the name Curtain creeper It can reach
up to 8-10 meters in height. Flowers are very small whitish, or light yellow & it blooms at any
time of the year.
NAME- RANGOON CREEPER
COMMON NAME- MADHMALTI
SCIENTIFIC NAME- COMBRETUM INDICUM
CHARACTERISTICS-
About 2.5 to 8m height
The leaves are elliptical with an acuminate tip and a rounded base.
They grow from 7 to 15 centimeters and their arrangement is opposite.
The flowers are fragrant and tubular and their color varies from white to pink to red.
The 30 to 35 mm long fruit is ellipsoidal and has five prominent wings. The fruit tastes like
almonds when mature
NAME- ELEPHANT CREEPER
COMMON NAME- ADHOGUDA, VIDHARA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- ARGYREIA NERVOSA
CHARACTERISTICS-
About 7cm height.
It is a perennial climbing vine native.
Though it can be invasive, it is often prized for its aesthetic and medicinal value.
CLIMATIC ZONE 2: COMPOSITE
NAME- GRAPE CREEPER
COMMON NAME- RANGOON
SCIENTIFIC NAME-COMBRETUM INDICUM
CHARACTERISTICS-
The grape is usually A woody vine, climbing by means of tendrils (modified branches) and
when untrained often reaching A length of 17 metres (56 feet) or more.
In arid regions it may form an almost erect shrub.
The edible leaves are alternate, palmately lobed, and always tooth-edged. Small greenish
flowers, in clusters, precede the fruit, which varies in colour from almost black to green, red,
and amber.
Grapes contain such minerals as calcium and phosphorus and are a source of vitamin a.
All grapes contain sugar (glucose and fructose) in varying quantities depending upon the
variety.
NAME- ELEPHANT CREEPER
COMMON NAME- ADHOGUDA, VIDHARA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- ARGYREIA NERVOSA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Leaves are cordate, measuring 15 – 25 cm long and 13 – 20 cm wide. Upper side of leaves is
green and glabrous (smooth and hairless), while the lower side is silver and tomentose like
young stems.
Younger stem is silvery and tomentose (densely covered by hairs).
Commonly found along the banks of streams and rivers in dry tropical climates. Occurs at
altitudes up to 300 m. This species may become invasive and cover trees.
Planted in subtropical or tropical gardens for its attractive, large flowers. Can provide shade
when trained to grow over a trellis. Makes an attractive cover for long railings.
NAME- CURTAIN CREEPER
COMMON NAME- PARDA BEL
SCIENTIFIC NAME- VERNONIA ELAEGNIFOLIA
CHARACTERISTICS-
Vernonia Elaeagnifolia is commonly known as curtain creeper and is a climber.
This is a curious member of the Sunflower family. It is a creeper which finds it difficult to
climb without support.
So, the slender stems climb up and then fall down beautifully over a wall or railing. The tender
stems, all hanging down form a curtain, hence the name curtain creeper.
Vernonia Elaeagnifolia prefers full sun and little watering. The plant is somewhat drought
tolerant. Stem cutting is suitable propagation method for it.
This creeper has slender stems that hang down over the wall or building, forming a green
curtain. It is a very useful and popular climber for screening.
SHRUBS
CLIMATIC ZONE: TROPICAL DRY
NAME- VILAYTI MEHENDI
SCIENTIFIC NAME- CLERODENDRUM INERMIS
CHARACTERISTICS-
This shrub is the most suitable for ornamental and protective hedging.
The leaves are attractive and polished green in colour.
It is hardy, drought resistant, stands trimming very well, and does not harbour snakes as the leaves
have an offensive odour.
It is rather slow growing and takes about two years to form into a good hedge.
It is planted 15-20 cm apart in double rows spaced at the same distance.
NAME- DEVIL’S BACKBONE
SCIENTIFIC NAME- PEDILANTHUS TITHVMALOIDES
CHARACTERISTICS-
Thisspineless & often leafless succulent belonging to spurge family is commonly used as an
ornamental hedge.
It’s a very hardy plant that forms a thick live fence in real quick time.
Stem cuttings are planted 10-15 cm apart in double rows spaced 15 cm from each other.
NAME- KARONDA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- CARISSA CARANDAS
CHARACTERISTICS-
A thorny bushy shrub which is used as an effective protective hedge.
Apart from this, the plant produces delightful fruits in summer which are cherished all over india
Seeds are sown 60-75 cm apart in single rows.
Stem cuttings also root easily in monsoon.
FERNS
CLIMATIC ZONE: WARM & HUMID
NAME- INDIAN FERN, WATER SPRITE
SCIENTIFIC NAME-Ceratopteris thalictroides
CHARACTERISTICS-
Rooted in mud, ceratopteris thalictroides plants vary in size and appearance.
The stipes of mature plants are 3mm-15mm in diameter, spongy, and air-filled with 4cm-60 cm
long including its stipe.
Pale green, brown when matured, fertile fronds are 15cm-100cm or more including the stipe to
40 cm long. Proliferous or dormant buds with their overlapping dark scales present in the axils
of fertile pinnae are winged. Pinnae are deeply incised with segments 2-15mm X 10-30 mm and
the fertile segments 1-2mm X 10-80mm.
NAME- RAILW
SCIENTIFIC NAME- CLERODENDRUM INERMIS
CHARACTERISTICS-
This shrub is the most suitable for ornamental and protective hedging.
The leaves are attractive and polished green in colour.
It is hardy, drought resistant, stands trimming very well, and does not harbour snakes as the
leaves have an offensive odour.
It is rather slow growing and takes about two years to form into a good hedge.
It is planted 15-20 cm apart in double rows spaced at the same distance.
NAME- KARONDA
SCIENTIFIC NAME- CARISSA CARANDAS
CHARACTERISTICS-
A thorny bushy shrub which is used as an effective protective hedge.
Apart from this, the plant produces delightful fruits in summer which are cherished all over india.
Seeds are sown 60-75 cm apart in single rows.
Stem cuttings also root easily in monsoon.
