Landscape

Architecture
Trees
By-
Ishan Jain (2014UAR1705)

Shardul Saroj (2014UAR1416)

WHAT IS A TREE ?

 A tree is a tall plant with woody tissue. Trees

gather light for photosynthesis through their
leaves; this process creates “food” for the
tree.

 Most of a tree trunk is dead tissue and

serves only to support the weight of the tree
crown. The outside layers of the tree trunk
are the only living portion. The cambium
produces new wood and new bark.
 PlantingTrees:-
Planting Of Trees Is Done For The Purpose-

1. To Provide Shade And Shadows At the Certain Area.

2. Since It Provides Shadow, It Reduces Artificial Cooling
Costs.
3. Obviously, It Looks Beautiful And Purifies The Air Which Is
Submerged With Various Toxic Gases And Pollutants.
4. If We Installed it On the Boundary Of The Site, It Is Very
Useful When Dust Storm Coming To The Site And Trees
Barricates That Storm To Allow Purified And Cool Air.
 According To Climatic Requirements:-
1. Tropical plants:- originate in tropical climates with a
year-round summer-like growing season without
freezing temperatures. Ex- banana, mango, papaya.

2. Sub-tropical:- plants cannot tolerate severe winter

temperatures but need some winter chilling. Ex- citrus,
dates, figs.

1. Temperate-zone:- plants require a cold winter season

as well as a summer growing season, and are
adapted to survive temperatures considerably below
freezing. Ex- apples, cherries, peaches.
Tropical Zone Sub-Tropical Zone Temperate Zone
Higher elevations have increasingly shorter growing
seasons due to colder temperatures. High elevations
have drier soils, stronger light, persistent winds, and
greater temperature changes.
 Herbaceous plants have non-woody
stems.
 Woody plants have woody stems that
generally live for several years, adding
new growth each year.
 Deciduous plants shed all leaves at
approximately the same time annually.
 Evergreen plants retain some leaves longer
than one growing season so that leaves
are present throughout the year.
 Semi-evergreen refers to plants that may
retain their leaves, depending on the
winter temperature and moisture.
 Broadleaf plants have a broad leaf blade
(e.g. ash, maple, lilac and beans).
 Narrowleaf plants have needle-like (e.g.
pine, spruce) or awl-like (e.g. junipers)
leaves.
 Grass-like plants have narrow leaves,
usually arising from the base of the
plant. The leaves may be soft (ornamental
grasses) or stiff (yucca).
‘Growth habit’ refers to the genetic tendency of a
plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a
certain mature height and spread.
 Trees:- typically have a single trunk and mature
height over 12 feet.
 Shrubs:- typically have multiple-branches from the
ground and a mature height less than 12 feet.
 Vines:- have a climbing, clasping, or self-clinging
growth habit.
 Texture
 Texture refers to how coarse or fine the overall surface and individual
leaves of the plant feel or look ( perceived visual texture).
 Like form, a variety of textures provide interest and contrast in the
landscape.
 Texture can be found in the foliage, flowers, blades and bark of the
plant, as well as in the plant’s overall branching pattern. The size and
shape of the leaves most often determine the perceived texture of
the plant.
 Coarse texture is more dominant than fine and tends to stand out
individually, while fine texture is more subordinate and tends to unify
compositions.
APPLICATI
ONS
 Plants as a Noise Barrier
 Plants can be used functionally to solve some of the
environmental problems the homeowner may have on the
property. This may include the need for privacy, protection
from glare or direct sunlight into windows, or shade on a patio.
A thick row of high shrubs bordering a road can reduce
noise and prevent litter from entering a yard, or perhaps
screen an unpleasant view such as a shopping centre or row
of buildings.
Plants Used for Climate
Control
 For climate control, deciduous shade trees might be used to screen
the hot summer sun or in winter permit the solar radiation to
penetrate to the ground, or to the walls and windows of a building.

 Large shrubs can serve as windbreaks to reduce wind velocities.

 Changes in solar radiation or light levels are also possible with

shading.

USE OF DECIDUOUS PLANTS TO DIRECT TREES CONTROLS SOLAR RADIATION

SUMMER BREEZES
ORNAMENTAT
ION
An ornamental plant is grown for decoration, rather than food or other
by-products. Ornamental plants may be grown in a flowerbed, shaped
into a hedge or placed in a sunny apartment window.
They are most often intentionally planted for aesthetic appeal, but a
plant that occurs naturally and enhances the landscape could also be
considered ornamental
 ADD BEAUTY
Ornamental plants are used in and out to beautify the surroundings. A large, tropical plant in a
living room
provides a pop of color and helps soften harsh lines from furniture and architectural design.
Colorful
flowering ornamental plants break up the browns and greens that naturally occur outside

CLEAN AIR
Plants take in carbon dioxide as food
and release clean oxygen, acting as
natural air filters. This proves especially
helpful for indoor environments, where
air circulation is limited compared to
outdoors. Keeping ornamental
houseplants has been shown to
improve indoor air quality.

FRAGRANCE
Many ornamental plants are chosen because they
appeal to the sense of smell, in addition to their
visual appeal. Lavender is widely regarded for its
pleasing fragrance; although widely harvested for
lavender oil, it is commonly planted in home
landscapes for its scent while in bloom. Roses are
another type of flower well known for their pleasing
scent
FLOWERS
Flowers add another element of interest to an
ornamental grass backdrop.

HUA
CAI
COMMON CHIC
ORY

RANUNCULUS

PEONY VINE
 Aesthetic Uses of Plants

PLANTS CAN ACT AS SCUPTURE TREES – BACKGROUND

DIFFERENT FORMS CAN
WHEN PLACED AGAINST A SHRUBS – MIDDLE
BE USED TO MAKE THE
BLANK WALL GROUND
LANDSCAPE INTERESTING
GROUNDCOVER-
FOREGROUND
 POLLUTION CONTROL: EMBANKMENTS,
DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN PLANTINGS, AND
MASONRY WALLS ARE USED TOGETHER. USE OF WIND BREAKS TO
CONTROL WINTER WINDS.

ANGLES AND
GLARE SOURCE
AND RESPECTIVE
ANGLES OF
REFLECTION.
PLACEMENT OF PLANTS BETWEEN
GLARE SOURCE AND VIEWER.
Creating Outdoor
Rooms

VARIOUS PLANT TYPES, HEIGHTS AND

COMBINATIONS CREATE PARTIAL
SCREENS AND OVERHEAD CANOPIES
OUTWARD FOCUSED
SPACE

INWARD FOCUSED
SPACE

A SCULPTURED HEDGE CREATES A PARTIAL

SCREEN BETWEEN THE PARKING AREA AND THE
ENTRANCE COURTYARD
MEDICINAL
USES
The roots, leaves, bark, fruit and blossoms of plants and trees have been used for medicinal
purposes since before recorded history. Teas, tinctures, poultices and extracts made from
countless plants are used to soothe sore throats, boost immunity, ease congestion and relieve
pain throughout the world.
In fact, according to the World Health Organization, approximately 80 percent of people
worldwide use herbal medicine in some form for at least some of their health care issues.

WILLOW TREE BARK ST. JOHN'S WORT

willow tree bark is used to treat pain A common herbal treatment for mild to moderate
and inflammation caused by depression, St. John's wort has been used as a
tendinitis, osteoarthritis, bursitis and treatment for nervous disorders since the days of the
lower back pain. ancient Greeks. It can also be used topically to treat
wounds, burns and eczema.
ALOE
EUCALYPTUS
Used to treat an array of skin
The leaves of eucalyptus trees
ailments, including burns,
and shrubs are commonly
wounds, psoriasis and even
used to treat numerous
genital herpes, aloe can also
congestion and coughs.
be used as a laxative and
Eucalyptus is found in cough
may help lower blood sugar
syrups, vapor rubs and
in patients with diabetes.
lozenges. It can also be
Aloe is commonly kept as a
brewed into teas or taken as
houseplant.
gargles to relieve sore throat
pain.

SAW PALMETTO
It is most often used to
treat benign prostatic
hyperplasia, or benign
enlargement of the
prostate gland. It is
available in tablet,
powder, capsule and
dried berry form.
TYPICAL MULTI-STEM TREE PLANTING
TYPICAL TREE PLANTING(12FT HEIGHT AND LARGER)
 Scientific Name:-
Pterospermum acerifolium.

 Speciality:- Its An Insecticide,

Prevents Insects And Pests To
Enter Into The House.

 Cost:- Rs. 20 Sampling.

 Scientific Name:-
Hyophorbe lagenicaulis.

 Specialty:- It is a myth that

the trunk is a means by which
the palm stores water. His tree
is slow growing but can reach
heights that range from 12 to
20 feet. Its slender, lanced-
shaped leaflets are dark
green, approximately 2 feet
long, and grow opposite
from one another to form a "V"
shape on the rachis pr middle
of the frond.

 Cost:- Rs. 100 (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:-
Alistonia Venenata.

 Speciality:- Alstonia trees

are used in traditional
medicine. The bark of
the Alstonia is a source of a
remedy against malaria,
toothache, rheumatism and
snake bites. The latex is used
in treating coughs, throat
sores and fever.

 Cost:- Rs. 150 (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:- Polyalthia
longifolia.

 Specialty:- commonly planted due

to its effectiveness in alleviating noise
pollution. The leaves are used for
ornamental decoration during
festivals. The tree is a main attraction
in gardens throughout India. In past,
the flexible, straight and light-weight
trunks were used in the making of
masts for sailing ships. That is why the
tree is also known as the ‘Mast Tree’.
Today, the tree is mostly used for
manufacturing small articles such as
pencils, boxes, matchsticks, etc.

 Cost:- Rs. 30 (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:- Mesua
ferrea.

 Specialty:- The flowers,

leaves, seeds and roots are
used as herbal medicines in
India and in Nag Champa
incense sticks.

 Cost:- Rs.30. (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:-
Azadirachta indica.

 Specialty:- Neem leaves

are dried in India and placed
in cupboards to prevent
insects eating the clothes and
also while storing rice in tins.
Neem leaves are dried and
burnt in the tropical regions to
keep away mosquitoes. As
an ayurvedic herb, neem is
also used in baths.

 Cost:- Rs.20. (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:- Delonix
regia.

 Specialty:- Its an
endangered species, but still it
is widely cultivated all around
the world. In addition to its
ornamental value, it is also a
useful shade tree in tropical
conditions, because it usually
grows to a modest height
(mostly 5 meters, but it can
reach an maximum height of
12 meters).

 Cost:- Rs. 15. (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:- Syzygium
cumini.

 Specialty:- Its wood is used to

make cheap furniture and village
dwellings though it is relatively
hard to work on. The fruit has a
combination of sweet, mildly sour
and astringent flavour and tends
to colour the tongue purple. The
seed is also used in various
alternative healing systems
like Ayurveda (to control diabetes,
for digestive ailments). The pulp of
the fruit, extracts from the bark
and seeds is of great benefit when
it comes to lowering of blood
glucose level.

 Cost:- Rs.25. (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:- Psidium
guajava.

 Specialty:- The fruit is having

great nutritional value. Its oil is
used in various cosmetic
products. In other countries, its
wood is used in barbeque
since the wood is resistant to
insect and fungal attack.

 Cost:- Rs. 50. (seed cost)

 Scientific Name:-
Mangifera indica.

 Specialty:- In ayurveda, it is
used in a Rasayana formula,
clearing digestion and acidity
due to pitta (heat), sometimes
with other mild sours. Mango
trees can be converted to
lumber once their fruit bearing
lifespan has finished. The
wood is susceptible to
damage from fungi and
insects. The wood is used for
musical instruments such
as ukuleles, plywood and low-
cost furniture.

 Cost:- Rs. 100. (seed cost)

BOTANICAL LAGERSTROEMIA COLVILLEA RACEMOSA GREVILLEA ROBUSTA PACHIRA SAITHIFOLIA
NAME SPECIOSA
COMMON JARUL COLVILLE SILVER OAK MALABAR CHESTNUT
NAME MONEY TREE
STRUCTURE

DESIGN  ORNAMENTAL TREE  COPPERY BARK, USED TO FORM SHADY USED AS ORNAMENTAL
QUALITY  MEDIUM SIZED , BRIGHT ORANGE AVENUES. TREE.
SMOOTH FLAKY BARK. FLOWERS WHICH
 LEAVES ARE GROWS IN CONE OR
DECIDUOUS. CYLINDRICAL SHAPE
 SMALL DEEP GREEN
LEAVES.

SEASONAL GROWN IN TROPICAL ADAPTS WELL TO PREFERS FULL SUN IT IS A DURABLE PLANT
CHARACTERIS- AND SUB TROPICAL AREAS DIFFERENT CONDITIONS. GROWS BEST IN WARM AND ADAPTS WELL TO
-TICS NEEDS PLENTY OF ZONES. DIFFERENT CONDITIONS..
SUNLIGHT OCCASIONAL WATER.

GROWTH SMALL TO MEDIUM-SIZED AFTER FLOWERING, THE IT IS A FAST- SHINY

DECIDUOUS, OVAL TO TREE PRODUCES LONG, GROWING EVERGREEN TR GREEN PALMATE LEAVES
THE FLOWERS ARE WHITE TO FLAT, WOODY SEED PODS. EE WITH LANCEOLATE LEAFL
PURPLE. THE TREE HAS SMALL DEEP ETS
GREEN LEAVES SMOOTH GREEN BARK.
BOTANICAL DILLENIA INDICA PARMENTIERA CEREIFERA HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MAGNOLIA
NAME GRANDIFLORA
COMMON ELEPHANT APPLE CANDLE TREE RUBBER TREE MAGNOLIA
NAME
STRUCTURE

DESIGN  LEAVES ARE 15-30 CM COMMONLY CULTIVATED  OVAL LEAVES  IT'S TRUNK IS
QUALITY WITH CORRUGATED SPECIMEN IN BOTANICAL  BUTTRESSING ROOTS TYPICALLY STRAIGHT
SURFACE WITH GARDENS.  AERIAL ROOTS AND ERECT WITH
IMPRESSED VEIN. SPREADING
 FRUIT IS EDIBLE. BRANCHES THAT
 MEDIUM SIZED TREE FORM A DENSE,
BROADLY
PYRAMIDAL CROWN.
 IT HAS LARGE, THICK,
LEATHERY DARK
GREEN LEAVES
WHICH ARE UP TO 10
INCHES LONG.
SEASONAL EVERGREEN LARGE SHRUB  HEAVY RAINFALL  EVERGREEN TREE.
CHARACTERIS- OR MEDIUM SIZED TREE
-TICS

GROWTH BORNE ON WINGED 300 YEARS IN THE SPRING, THEY

PETIOLES HAVE A GOLDEN TO RUST
THE FLOWER IS SOLITARY OR COLOR ON THEIR
BORNE IN A CLUSTER OF UP UNDERSIDES.
BOTANICAL COCCOLOBA UVIFERA ARTOCARPUS
NAME HETEROPHYLLUS
COMMON SEA GRAPE JACK FRUIT TREE
NAME
STRUCTURE

DESIGN COCCOLOBA UVIFERA IS  LARGEST TREE BORNE

QUALITY WIND FRUIT
RESISTANT, MODERATELY  THICK BARK
TOLERANT OF SHADE,  FRUIT IS EDIBLE
AND HIGHLY
TOLERANT OF SALT
IT IS ALSO PLANTED AS
AN ORNAMENTAL SHRUB
SEASONAL CAPABLE OF SURVIVING  TROPICAL LOWLAND
CHARACTERIS- DOWN TO APPROXIMATELY
-TICS 2 °C, THE TREE IS UNABLE
TO SURVIVE FROST.

GROWTH THE LEAVES TURN REDDISH

BEFORE FALLING.
DIOECIOUS SPECIES
CONCLUSIVE NOTE
 Plants in landscape play a prominent
role, they form a pioneer position
whenever landscape is talked.
 From the huge variety of plants
available it becomes important to
choose so that the existing or to be
designed spaces /structures may not
look odd.
 The spaces should show good
coordination and harmony with plants.
 Plants give authenticity to a
building/space to be a part of earth.
 Landscape architecture is to shape and
protect the physical environment in which
we live, work and enjoy. Landscape
architects design and plan campuses,
residential communities, golf courses,
neighbourhood and national parks,
roadways, bike and pedestrian trails, urban
plazas, and are engaged in large scale
environmental planning.
 The outcome needs to be beautiful and
satisfying for users.
 Landscape should be designed according to the environment
i.e. according to the adaptation and standards so that the
growth and foliage become adequate throughout.
It should gel up with the environment around. Plants should be
given due respect and importance while designing landscape
as they form a crucial part in our daily life.
THANK YOU