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A
PLANTING
N
D
S
C
A
Submitted By:
P
Pearl
E Prayashi
shalini
Plants are the living
organisms present on the
earth. These are identified
by their foliage, profile,
color, etc. The anatomy of
most plants contain roots,
stems, leaves, flowers, etc.
ROOTS
A plant is anchored in the ground by its roots.
Older roots are thick and woody, with a waterproof,
corky outer layer. The youngest roots take up water
and dissolved minerals from the soil. These enter
the root through fine root hairs found just behind
each root tip.
STEM
Plants have
stem that
supports fruits
and flowers.
It contains
xylem and
phloem, called
vascular
tissues which
carry water
Leaves and sugars
A plant makes most of its food in its green leaves.
aroundLeaves are usually
the
thin and flat, so they expose a large surfaceplants.
areas to the sun to
collect energy. A network of veins supports the leaf and carries
water, sugar, and dissolved minerals.
BREATHING ROOTS
All parts of a plant need to
breathe, including the roots. FOOD
Trees that grow in swamps, Some parts of
such as mangroves have roots plants are
that are exposed above the swollen with
water. The roots have lenticels reserves of
FLOWERS
through which oxygen from starches or
These
air can are made up of sepals,
enter. sugars .
petals, stamens and carpals. These stored
These are arranged in whorls food is used
on the tip of the flower stalk. the next
growing
season by
sprouting
shoots.
GROWTH OF
PLANTS
Photosynthesis – it is used by plants to convert the
light energy captured from the sun into chemical
energy(sugar) in presence of chlorophyll that can be
used to fuel the organism's activities.
Respiration – The process of metabolizing (burning)
sugars to yield energy for growth, reproduction, and
other life processes.
Transpiration – The loss of water vapour through
the stomata of leaves.
REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANT
GROWTH
Hydroponic systems will not compensate for poor growing conditions
such as improper temperature, inadequate light, or pest problems.
Hydroponically grown plants have the same general requirements for good
growth as field-grown plants. The major difference is the method by which
the plants are supported and the inorganic elements necessary for growth
and development are supplied.
TEMPERATURE
Plants grow well only within a
limited temperature range.
Temperatures that are too high or
too low will result in abnormal
development and reduced
production. Warm-season
vegetables and most flowers grow
best between 60 and 75 or 80
F. Cool-season vegetables such as
lettuce and spinach should be
grown between 50 and 70 F.
LIGHT
All vegetable plants and many flowers require large amounts of
sunlight. Hydroponically grown vegetables like those grown in a
garden, need at least 8 to 10 hours of direct sunlight each day to
produce wells
Artificial lighting is a poor substitute for sunshine, as most indoor
lights do not provide enough intensity to produce a crop.
Adequate spacing between plants will ensure that each plant receives
sufficient light in the greenhouse.
Support.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
CLIMBING CREEPING
APPLICATIO
Their NS
Trees have many commercial uses.
wood yields thousands of
products, including paper, medicines
and other chemicals, and lumber.
Trees also provide food, such as
fruits, spices, and nuts. Bark from
the roots of the sassafras yields a
tea and oils, and various chemicals
are derived from the roots of the
longleaf pine. Some tree bark yields
such substances as cork, tannins,
and cinnamon, as well as various
kinds of drugs and dyes. Some
leaves, such as those of the Palma
palm, provide fibers that are woven
into twine, rope, and mats. Fluids
from trees yield many useful
products, including rubber, maple
syrup, and turpentine.
Trees are also valuable for
ornamentation. They line streets
and adorn gardens, making them
APPLICATIO
NS
ORNAMENTA
An TION
ornamental plant is grown for decoration, rather than food or
other by-products. Ornamental plants may be grown in a flowerbed,
shaped into a hedge or placed in a sunny apartment window.
They are most often intentionally planted for aesthetic appeal, but a
plant that occurs naturally and enhances the landscape could also be
considered ornamental
ADD BEAUTY
Ornamental plants are used in and out to beautify the surroundings.
A large, tropical plant in a living room
provides a pop of color and helps soften harsh lines from furniture
and architectural design. Colorful
flowering ornamental plants break up theCLEAN
browns andAIRgreens that
naturally occur outside Plants take in carbon dioxide as
food and release clean oxygen,
acting as natural air filters. This
proves especially helpful for
indoor environments, where air
circulation is limited compared
to outdoors. Keeping ornamental
houseplants has been shown to
FRAGRANCE improve indoor air quality,
Many ornamental plants are chosen
because they appeal to the sense of
smell, in addition to their visual appeal.
Lavender is widely regarded for its
pleasing fragrance; although widely
harvested for lavender oil, it is
FLOWERS
Flowers add another element of interest to an ornamental grass
backdrop.
HUA
CAI
COMMON CHIC
ORY
RANUNCULUS
PEONY VINE
MEDICINAL
USES
The roots, leaves, bark, fruit and blossoms of plants and trees have
been used for medicinal purposes since before recorded history. Teas,
tinctures, poultices and extracts made from countless plants are used to
soothe sore throats, boost immunity, ease congestion and relieve pain
throughout the world.
In fact, TREE
WILLOW according
BARKto the World Health Organization,
ST. JOHN'S approximately
WORT 80
percent of people worldwide use herbal medicine in some form for at
willow tree bark is used to A common herbal treatment for mild to
least some of their health care issues.
treat pain and inflammation moderate depression, St. John's wort
caused by tendinitis, has been used as a treatment for
osteoarthritis, bursitis and nervous disorders since the days of the
lower back pain. ancient Greeks. It can also be used
topically to treat wounds, burns and
eczema.
ALOE EUCALYPTUS
• Tundra plants are small (usually less than 12 inches tall) and low-
growing due to lack of nutrients, because being close to the ground
helps keep the plants from freezing, and because the roots cannot
penetrate the permafrost.
• Plants are dark in color—some are even red—this helps them absorb
solar heat.
• Some plants are covered with hair which helps keep them warm.
• Some plants grow in clumps to protect one another from the wind and
These tundra plants are low-growing