DISASTER

MANAGEMENT

01/11/22 1
 COURSE OBJECTIVES

To familiarize students with basics of

environmental sciences , disaster & waste
management.

01/11/22 2
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Management is the discipline dealing of with and
avoiding risks. It is a discipline that involves preparing,
supporting, and rebuilding society when natural or human-
made disasters occur.
Goals of Disaster Management:
(1) Reduce, avoid, losses from hazards
(2) Assure prompt assistance to victims
(3) Achieve rapid and effective recovery
01/11/22 3
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and
implementing measures which are necessary for-

 Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.

 Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
 Capacity-building.
 Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
 Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
 Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
 Evacuation, rescue and relief.
 Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

01/11/22 4
 Concept of Disaster Management
1. Preparedness 2. Response
   
Planning Evacuation and Pre-Impact Mobilization
Warning Post-Emergency Actions
   

3. Recovery 3. Mitigation
   
 Restoration (6 mos. or less)  Hazard Perceptions
 Reconstruction (6 mos. or more)  Adjustments
 Components of Disaster Management
• Prevention- The best way to address a disaster is by being
proactive.
• Mitigation- Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human life that
would result from a disaster.
• Preparedness
• Response
• Recovery
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

01/11/22 7
 PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

01/11/22 8
 MITIGATION
•Acting before disaster strikes.
•Measures that prevent or reduce the impact of disasters.
•Mitigation activities actually eliminate or reduce the probability of
disaster occurrence, or reduce the effects of unavoidable disasters.
•Requirements:
Hazard analysis
Resource identification
01/11/22 9
 MITIGATION
•This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
•Mitigation measures includes-
-building codes
-vulnerability analyses updates
-zoning and land use management
-building use regulations and safety codes
-preventive health care
-public education; improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other buildings
so that medical causalities can be minimized
-ensuring the safety of health facilities
-public health services including water supply and sewerage system
-reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction.
•Its effectiveness will depend on the availability of information on hazards, emergency risks,
and the countermeasures to be taken.

01/11/22 10
 PREPAREDNESS
•Planning, training & educational activities for things that cant be
mitigated.
•The goal of emergency preparedness programs is to achieve a satisfactory
level of readiness to respond to any emergency situation through
programs that strengthen the technical and managerial capacity of
governments, organizations, and communities.
•Preparedness measures include preparedness plans; emergency
exercises/training; warning systems; emergency communications systems;
evacuations plans and training; resource inventories; emergency
personnel/contact lists; mutual aid agreements; public
information/education, ensuring reserves of food, equipment, water,
medicines and other essentials are maintained in cases of national or local
catastrophes.
01/11/22 11
 PREPAREDNESS
Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out-
 Evaluation of the risk.
 Adopt standards and regulations.
 Organize communication and response mechanism.
 Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.
 Develop public education programmes.
 Coordinate information with news media.
 Disaster simulation exercises.

01/11/22 12
 DISASTER IMPACTS

Deaths
Disability
Increase in communicable disease
Psychological problems
Food shortage
Socioeconomic losses
Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
Environmental disruption

01/11/22 13
 RESPONSE
•The aim of emergency response is to provide immediate assistance
to maintain life, improve health and support the morale of the
affected population.
•Such assistance may range from providing specific but limited aid,
such as assisting refugees with transport, temporary shelter, and
food, to establishing semi-permanent settlement in camps and other
locations.
•It also may involve initial repairs to damaged infrastructure.
•The focus in the response phase is on meeting the basic needs of the
people until more permanent and sustainable solutions can be
found.
01/11/22 14
 RECOVERY
•As the emergency is brought under control, the affected population is
capable of undertaking a growing number of activities aimed at
restoring their lives and the infrastructure that supports them.
•Recovery activities continue until all systems return to normal or
better.
•Recovery measures, both short and long term, include returning vital
life-support systems to minimum operating standards; permanent
housing; public information; health and safety education;
reconstruction; Psychological support; counseling programs; and
economic impact studies.
01/11/22 15
01/11/22 16
 Initiatives For Disaster Management In India
• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister of
India, is the apex body for Disaster Management in India. 
• Setting up of NDMA and the creation of an enabling environment for institutional
mechanisms at the State and District levels is mandated by the Disaster Management
Act, 2005.
Recent measures related to disaster management in India-
- India presented a practical approach and roadmap with the launch of a global
Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) to make the infrastructure
resilient in the face of disasters.
- Indian Coast Guard with the assistance of ICG Remote Operating Centres (ROC) and
Stations (ROS), NAVTEX warning (Navigational Text Message) and ISN
(International Safety Net) activated one week in advance by Maritime Rescue Co-
ordination Centres (MRCCs) prevented the loss of fishermen lives and reduced impact
from Cyclone.
• IMD launch a dynamic, impact-based cyclone warning system aiming at
minimising economic losses.
• NDMA took up a project named National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project
(NCRMP) in which a Web-based Dynamic Composite Risk Atlas (Web-
DCRA) would be developed.
• To improve existing emergency preparedness and strengthen regional
response mechanism, the field training exercises are conducted, for instance,
2nd BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise on flood rescue.
• Building dedicated institutions like the National Fire Service College (NFSC)
and the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Academy is about how to
control a situation rather than just respond to it.
• NDRF is said to have achieved all benchmarks under Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction.
 Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
• Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
• Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
• Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
• Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture
and Animal Husbandry

01/11/22 19
 Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management

• Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests

• Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
• Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
• Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
• Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
• Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

01/11/22 20
 COURSE OUTCOMES
Understudies will be able to identify different dimensions of
environmental studies; problems related to the environmental
degradation & will be able to take remedial steps.
Disciples will learn about different type of disaster that occur in
nature consequently learning to develop the preparedness and
remedial techniques.
Upon learning the problems related to environmental waste
students will be able to segregate the waste in different categories
and will learn its effective management techniques.
01/11/22 21