Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Engineering
Tony Freidman
Background
• Graduate of University of Missouri – Rolla
– B.S. in Civil Engineering
– B.S. in Architectural Engineering
– Research in Architectural specialties
– Research on V-T-M diagram development for
reinforced concrete column design
• Currently enrolled as a Ph.D. student at
Washington University – St. Louis
– Research on MR Damper performance
– Research on Structural Health Monitoring
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKeENd
yIluI&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsCBK-
fRNRk&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=YCfgfccpHpc&feature=related
• http://em-ntserver.unl.edu/Mechanics-Pag
es/Group1/sld001.htm
Structural Engineering is used so
that the events in the preceding
videos never take place.
“Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the
public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable
development in the performance of their professional duties. “
F
Forces
• Tensile Force
– Pulling on an object – stretching it
– Steel shows “necking” when too much tensile
force is applied
• Compressive Force
– Pushing on an object – collapsing it
– Concrete crushes when too much
compressive force is applied
Forces
• Strain
– Tensile-related property
– Deformation / Length
• Stress
– Compression-related
property
– Force / Area
• Compare using stress-
strain graph
What constitutes loading?
• Loading is a force being enacted on the
structure
– Many sources of load
• Gravity/Weight
• Wind
• Snow
• Earthquake
• Man-made
– Two Types of Structural Loading
• Dead Loads – static, ever-present (i.e. Walls, Floors, etc)
• Live Loads – dynamic, changing (i.e. People, Desk, etc)
What should we build our
structures out of??
Squares
Truss
• Combination of square and triangle
Triangles
Truss
• Combination of square and triangle
– Both vertical and lateral support
Geodesic Dome
Domes
Domes
• Advantages
– Very strong shape, gets strong as the dome
size increases
– Perfect load distribution
– No need for structural supports
– Great aerodynamic performance
Structural Components
• Beams Column Girder
• Girders
• Columns
• Floors
• Foundations
Beam
Load Path
• Floor
• Beams
• Girders
• Columns
• Foundation
• Soil/Bedrock
Foundations
• Support the building
– Typically attached to columns
• Types
– Shallow
• Spread footing – concrete strip/pad below the frost line
• Slab-on-grade – concrete pad on the surface
– Deep
• Drilled Shafts
• Piles
Columns
• Carry the load from floors to the foundation
– Never want the columns to fail COLLAPSE
– Typically reinforced concrete or steel
– Many sizes and shapes
Girders
• Attached column-
to-column
– Take the load
from the beams
– Transfer it to the
columns
– Generally shaped
as an I-Beam
Beams
• Attached between
the girders
– Take load from the
flooring system
– Transfer it to the
girders
– Generally solid
squares, I-beams
Flooring
• Composed of a subfloor and floor covering
– Usually leave space for ductwork, wiring, etc.
– Floor covering ranges from application to
application
Picture Credits
• Geodesic Dome
– http://www.ecophotoexplorers.com/images/antarctica/Dome.jpg
• Truss
– http://www.classictruss.com/art/wodd_truss_types_examples.gif
• Truss 2
– http://www.wwta.ab.ca/images/pic%201.jpg
• Truss 3
– http://www.garrettsbridges.com/images/pratt-truss-bridge.jpg
• Stress-Strain
– http://www.mittalsteel.com/NR/rdonlyres/8E6DAA96-67F0-4C32-8702-FB02211647D9/0/
InlandAutoApps_MildCS_ssGraph.gif
• Crushing Concrete
– http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cee.engr.ucdavis.edu/faculty/chai/
Research/Planar%2520Wall%2520Stability/Wallcolumn5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://
cee.engr.ucdavis.edu/faculty/chai/Research/Planar%2520Wall%2520Stability/struct-
walls.htm&h=432&w=293&sz=38&hl=en&start=10&sig2=u3TW2TnwJ_IRSpfaQhJuUQ&tbni
d=7g-JN0VhU59wxM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=85&ei=qUTYR56oL6jmigGFuaiFAg&prev=/images
%3Fq%3Dconcrete%2Bcrushing%2Bcompression%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
• Pile Machine
– http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/DFmachine.JPG
• Pile Machine 2
– http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/PileDriving.jpg
• Foundation Type
– http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/Found-House-Apt.png
• Rebar Cage
– http://i.pbase.com/u29/camera0bug/upload/17213579.P5070031.JPGco
py
• Circular Columns
– http://web.mit.edu/istgroup/ist/images/research_images/microwave/
figure1.gif
• Timber
– http://www.certified-teak.com/images/timber_india.jpg
– http://www.timberframeworks.com/images/File0001.jpg
• Steel
– http://www.lakewoodconferences.com/direct/dbimage/50261363/
Stainless_Steel_Seamless_Tubes.jpg
– http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Global/6/695E8EC6-5161-4B05-B6F1-
8BE09DC40F68/0/chp_steel_struct.jpg
• Concrete
– http://www.lakewoodconferences.com/direct/dbimage/50261363/
Stainless_Steel_Seamless_Tubes.jpg
– http://www.imagico.de/pov/pict/concrete.jpg
• Masonry
– http://www.gomedia.us/arsenal/images/texturepacks/masonry-prev1.jpg
– http://www.cca.org.nz/images/masonry.jpg
• Structural Engineer
– http://vaengineer.com/images/mr__snell_0462.jpg
• Building
– http://www.brasfieldgorrie.com/_images/portfolio/84/2.jpg
• Girder
– http://www.popartuk.com/g/l/lgfp0432+men-on-a-girder-having-lunch-
new-york-city-collection-poster.jpg
– http://oldcooperriverbridge.org/small/
oct_31_1927_pearman_resting_girder.jpg
• Beam
– http://www.cedar-log-homes.com/log-homes-images2/beams-glulam-
6.gif
• Flooring
– http://www.domoteck.org/domoteck_com_images/
floor_cross_section.jpg