Part 1 :intro to communication

Lecture 2

1. What is Communication?
2. Basic Communication Process
3. Types of Communication
4. Types of noise
5. Barriers to Communication
6. Effective communication
7. Ways of communications
8. Perception
9. Cross-Cultural Communication
Types of noise
 Types of communication noise :

• 1- external noise : comes from outside the

environment and keeps the message from being
heard or understood . It could happen from the
channel being not clear ( TV or radio) or if in a
classroom the acoustics are not well arranged
• In small groups: if you are talking with your
friend, your conversation may be interrupted by
a group of people shouting in the hall . Another
example is any technical problem in the machines
which are used to send a certain message
 Types of communication noise :

2- Internal noise : occurs in the minds of the

senders and receivers when their thoughts or
feelings are focused on something other than
the communication at hand.
For example : A student doesn’t hear the lecture
because he is thinking about lunch, someone
can’t pay attention to others because he is
upset by a problem at the office or even a
lecturer who is sick and it affects his voice
 Types of communication noise :

3- Semantic noise : this refers to any problem in

understanding a certain message . This could
be the result of difficult or complex wording ,
long sentences , using unfamiliar words .
Either the sender or the receiver uses very
difficult language or there is a great
discrepancy in their excellence f same
language
Barriers to Communication
Barriers to Communication

National
Culture
Noise Filtering

Information
Linguistic
Overload
Barriers

Defensiveness Stereotyping

Emotions Halo Effect

Barriers to Communication
Cont’d

Filtering
The deliberate manipulation of information to make it
appear more favorable to the receiver.

Emotions
Disregarding rational and objective thinking processes and
substituting emotional judgments when interpreting
messages.

Information Overload
Being confronted with a quantity of information that exceeds
an individual’s capacity to process it.
Barriers to Communication
Cont’d

Defensiveness
When threatened, reacting in a way that reduces the ability
to achieve mutual understanding.

Linguistic
The different meanings of and specialized ways (jargon) in
which senders use words can cause receivers to misinterpret
their messages.

National Culture
Culture influences the form, formality, openness, patterns
and use of information in communications.
Barriers to Communication
Cont’d

Stereotyping
Generalizations, or assumptions, that people make about
the characteristics of someone or something.

Halo Effect
The halo effect is a cognitive bias whereby the perception of
one trait (i.e. a characteristic of a person or object) is
influenced by the perception of another trait (or several
traits) of that person or object.

Physical Noise
Is the kind of noise that is caused by some physical objects.
Effective communication

4 Cs of Effective Communication
4 Cs of Effective Communication
Cont’d

Clear

Complete

Concise

Courteous
What is your Metaphor?
11–14
Overcoming barriers to Communication

Use Feedback

Simplify Language

Listen Actively

Constrain Emotions

Watch Nonverbal Cues

 Use
as e
Ple
Illustrations
Demonstrations

Easy
Language

Metaphors
Suitable
Proverbs
THANK YOU