CLIMATIC ZONES AND THEIR

SALIENT FEATURES

P R E S E N T E D B Y – M A N A S V I K U S H WA H A
3RD SEMESTER B.ARCH
 CLIMATIC ZONES
 In India, (Bansal & Minke, 1988)
had carried out detailed studies and
reported that India can be divided
into six climatic zones :
1. Hot & Dry
2. Warm & Humid
3. Moderate
4. Cold & Cloudy
5. Cold & Sunny
6. Composite
 H O T & D RY
 A region that receives less than 20 in.
(50 cm) of annual precipitation and
where the monthly average outdoor
temperature remains above 45°F (7°C)
throughout the year.
 Rajasthan, covered by desert area,
possess a hot and dry climate.
 Situated in the state of Odisha,
Titlagarh is the hottest place in India
especially during summer seasons.
WA R M & H U M I D M O D E R AT E
 A region that receives more than 20 in.
(50 cm) of annual precipitation and  Moderate climate refers to the climate
where one or both of the following
which is neither very hot nor very
occur: A 67°F (19.5°C) or higher wet
bulb temperature for 3,000 or more cold.
hours during the warmest 6
 Indian cities having pleasant weather
consecutive months of the year.
through the year are Pune, Bangalore,
 India's two island territories,
Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nashik, Mysore, Nainital, Hyderabad
Nicobar Islands.
 COLD & CLOUDY
 The northern part of India
experiences this type of climate.
Most cold and cloudy regions are
situated at high altitudes.
 Shimla, Shillong, Srinagar and
Mahabaleshwar are examples of
places belonging to this climatic
zone.
CLOD & SUNNY COMPOSITE
 Climate zone that does not have
 The northern part of India
any season for more than six
experiences this type of climate.
months is classified as composite
Most cold and cloudy regions are
zone.
situated at high altitudes.
 The composite zone covers the
 Shimla, Shillong, Srinagar and
central part of India. Some cities
Mahabaleshwar are examples of
that experience this type of
places belonging to this climatic
climate are New Delhi, Kanpur
zone.
and Allahabad.
 S A L I E N T F E AT U R E S

 Salient visual features are the defining

elements that distinguish one target
f r o m a n o t h e r.

 The salient features about something

or qualities of something are the most
important things about them.
 SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CLIMATE

FORMATION OF
ALTERNATIVELY SEASONAL SEASONAL
REVERSAL OF
HIGH AND LOW VARIABILITY IN VARIABILITY IN
WIND
PRESSURE AREAS RAINFALL RAINFALL
OVER THE LAND

CHARACTERISED
UNITY OF INDIAN DIVERSITY OF
BY NATURAL
CLIMATE INDIAN CLIMATE
CALAMITIES
 SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CLIMATE
REVERSAL OF WIND
 The Indian climate is characterised by the
complete reversal of wind system with the
change of season in a year.
 During the winter season winds generally blow
from north-east to south-west in the direction of
trade winds.
 During summer season complete reversal in the
direction of the winds is observed and these
blow primarily from south-west to north-east.
F O R M AT I O N O F A LT E R N AT I V E LY H I G H A N D
LOW PRESSURE AREAS OVER THE LAND
 There is a change in the atmosphere pressure
conditions with the change of season
 During winter season due to low temperature
conditions high pressure areas is formed over the
northern part of the country
 On the other hand the intense heating of the land
during summer season leads to the formation of a
thermally induced low pressure cell over the
northwestern part of the country
 SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CLIMATE
S E A S O N A L VA R I A B I L I T Y I N
R A I N FA L L
 In India over 80 per cent of annual rainfall is obtained
in the latter part of the summer whose duration ranges
from 1-5 months in different parts of the country
 Since the rainfall is in the form of heavy downpour, it
creates problems of floods and soil erosion.
 Cherrapunji has received in a single day an amount
equal to 10 years of rainfall at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
S E A S O N A L VA R I A B I L I T Y I N
R A I N FA L L
The Indian climate is characterised by
constantly changing weather
conditions. There are three main
seasons but on broader consideration
their number goes to six a year
(win ter, fall o f winter, sp ring ,
su mmer, rainy an d autumn).
 SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CLIMATE
UNITY OF INDIAN
C L I M AT E
 The Himalayas and the associated
mountain ranges extend to the
north of India from east to west.
 These ranges force the monsoon
winds to cause rainfall over India
and the entire country comes
under the influence of the
monsoon winds
 In this manner the climate in the
entire country becomes monsoon
type.
DIVERSITY OF INDIAN CHARACTERISED BY
C L I M AT E N AT U R A L C A L A M I T I E S
 In spite of the unity of Indian climate,
it is characterised by regional
differences and variations. For Due to its peculiar weather conditions
example, while in the summer the
mercury occasionally touches 55°C in especially rainfall variability during
the western Rajasthan, it drops down to
as low as minus 45°C in winter around rainy seasons has made Indian climate
Leh.
more prone to natural calamities like
 These are caused by differences in the
location, altitude, distance from the floods, droughts, famines and even
sea, distance from mountains and epidemics.
general relief conditions at difference
places.
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