END OF EUROPEAN ERA: VERSAILLES - MUNICH

WORLD WAR 1 FROM 1914 TO 1918

PRESIDENT THOMAS WOODROW WILSON
14 CONDITIONS OF PEACE ARE PROPOSED BY WOODROW
WILSON
ARMISTICE AGREEMENT

Armistice Agreement
11th of November, 1918
 THE BIG 4

Thomas Woodrow Wilson David Lloyd George George Clemenceau Vittorio Orlando
United States United Kingdom France Italy
GEORGE CLEMENCEAU OF FRANCE
DAVID LLOYD GEORGE OF UNITED KINGDOM
VITTORIO ORLANDO OF ITALY
THOMAS WOODROW WILSON OF UNITED STATES
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
KEY PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY

 Territorial
 Military
 Financial & Economical
 TERRITORIAL PROVISION
 Article 45 to 50 – Turn over Saar Basin to France for it’s coal
mines – 15 years
 Article 51 – Give Alsace Lorraine to France
 Article 42 to 44 & Article 180 – Forced demilitarization of
Rhineland
 Article 80 – Respect the Independence of Austria
 Article 81 to 86 – Recognize Czechoslovakia as an Independent
Nation
 TERRITORIAL PROVISION

 Article 87 to 93 – Establishing Polish Corridor

 Article 119 – Stripped Germany of its Colonies
 MILITARY PROVISION
 Articles 158 to 163 – Reduce the size of the German Army
 Articles 164 to 172 – German disarment in accordance with
the Treaty of Versailles
 Articles 181 to 197 – 6 Battleships, 12 Destroyers, 12 Torpedo
Boats
 Articles 198 to 202 – 100 sea planes, banned Zeppelins
 Article 231 – War Guilt Clause
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES - 1920

“ I believe that the campaign for securing

out of the war was one of the most serious
acts of political unwisdom for which our
statesmen have ever been responsible.”
ADOLF HITLER

Rise to Power - 1933

MUNICH AGREEMENT (1938)

 THIS WAS WHEN BRITAIN AGREED THAT HITLER

SHOULD BE GIVEN THE SUDETENLAND ( PART OF
CZECHOLOVAKIA)

 HITLER PROMISED BUT AFTER SIX MONTHS HE

BROKE THAT PROMISE
BACKGROUND THE MUNICH AGREEMENT

 THE NEXT HITLER HAD HIS EYES ON WAS

CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
 CZECHOSLOVAKIA CALLED THE
SUDETENLAND.
 HAD AROUND 3 MILLION GERMAN
SPEAKING PEOPLE.
 AIMS WAS TO REUNITE ALL GERMAN-
SPEAKING PEOPLE.
 EDVARD BENES

 WORRIED THAT HIS COUNTRY WAS HITLER’S NEXT

TARGET.
 HITLER MADE HIS PLANS TO INVADE THE SUDETENLAND.
 HITLER ASKED HENLEIN TO STIR UP TROUBLE IN THE
AREA
 TO BE PART OF THE GERMANY
 MAY 1938

 HITLER’S ARMY WAS NOT READY FOR WAR.

 CZECHOSLOVAKIA WOULD NOT BE EASY INVASION FOR HITLER.
 BRITAIN, FRANCE AND RUSSIA SUPPORT CZECHOSLOSOVAKIA.
 CZECHS HAD A MODERN ARMY AND BENES WAS PREPARED TO FIGHT.
 SUDETENLAND HAD A LOTS OF FORTS, RAILWAYS AND INDUSTRIES.
 HITLER KNEW IF HE COULD GET THE SUDETENLAND , THEN
CZECHOLOVAKIA WOULD DEFENCELESS.
 THERE WAS A TENTION ACROSS THE EUROPE
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

 PRIME MINISTER OF BRITAIN

 BIG SUPPORTER OF APPEASEMENT
 BRING PEACE ACROSS THE EUROPE
SEPTEMBER 15, 1938

 CHAMBERLAIN FLEW TO MEET HITLER

 SUDETEN CRISIS
 HITLER CLAIMED HE WAS ONLY
INTERESTED IN PARTS OF THE
SUDETENLAND.
 PLEBISCITE
 CHAMBERLAIN WAS CONVINCED HITLER
GOT WHAT HE WANTED, HE WOULD
SATISFIED.
 ON THE 19TH SEPTEMBER 1938, HITLER
INCREASED THE DEMANDS.
 HITLER

 HITLER CLAIMED THAT THE SUDENTEN GERMANS WERE

BEING MISTREATED BY CZECH GOVERNMENT.
 HE WAS GOING TO RESCUE
 1ST OF OCTOBER START OF WAR
 MUSSOLINI

 LEADER OF ITALY
 HELD IN MUNICH ON 29TH SEPTEMBER 1938
 BRITAIN, GERMANY , FRANCE AND ITALY ARE THE FOUR
CONTRIES THAT THE MUNICH AGREEMENT ATTENDED.
 CZECHOSLOVAKIA OR USSR( RUSIA) WERE NOT INVITED
 THE LEADERS DECIDED TO GIVE HITLER THE WHOLE OF THE
SUDETENLAND.
 HITLER PROMISED THAT HE WOULD NOT SHOW ANY
AGGRESSION.
THE MUNICH AGREEMENT

 BRITAIN AND FRANCE WERE FOLLOWING

APPEASEMENT.
 FOLLOWED HITLER TO GAIN TERRITORY.

THE THREE REASONS:

1. THE BRITISH PEOPLE WANTED PEACE.
2. BRITAIN’S AND FRANCE’S ARMIES WERE NOT READY FOR
WAR.
3. CHAMBERLAIN WANTED A STRONG GERMANY
BARRIER AGAINST COMMUNIST RUSSIA.

 HITLER BECAME MORE STONGER, GAINED MORE

RESOURCES FROM SUDETENLAND.
THE MUNICH AGREEMENT

 ON THE 1ST OCTOBER HITLER MOVED HIS TROOPS INTO THE

SUDETENLAND WITHOUT A SINGLE SHOT BEING FIRED.
 CHAMBERLAIN WAVED THE AGREEMENT TO THE CROWD

‘’PEACE OF OUR TIME’’

 THE THREE MAIN REASONS

1. CZECHOSLOVAKIA
-WAS DEFENCELESS, ALLOWING HITLER TO TAKE THE WHOLE COUNTRY EASE.

2. HITLER’S CONFIDENCE GREW

HITLER KNEW THAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE WERE AFRAID OF HIM.
HE STARTED TO EYE UP OTHER COUNTRIES SUCH AS CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND POLAND.

3. RUSSIA’S RELATIONSHIP
 FELT ALIENATED BY BRITAIN AND FRANCE THEY WERE NOT PART OF THE MUNICH AGREEMENT.
 THEY KNEW WAR WITH GERMANY WAS INEVITABLE
 THEY STARTED TO EXPLORE OTHER OPTIONS WITHOUT BRITAIN AND FRANCE