BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

2016

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTRY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

WASTE MANAGEMENT
Biomedical waste is defined as “any
solid, fluid and liquid or liquid waste,
including its container and any
intermediate product, which is
generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human
being or animals, in research pertaining
thereto, or in the production or testing
of biologicals and the animal waste
from slaughter houses or any other
similar establishment”. All biomedical
wastes are hazardous.
According to WHO, Generation
• Nearly 85% of all waste generated by
hospital is general waste. Segregation
• About 15% waste is Bio-medical
Waste, which includes Collection
    Infectious waste - 10%.
Non-infectious waste such as Storage
radioactive and chemical wastes - 5%.
• In a large tertiary care hospital in
Treatment
India, the waste generated is about 1-2
kg/bed/day as against 2.8 kg/bed/day
Transportation
from a similar sized hospital in USA.
Disposal
APPLICATIONS

APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE Radioactive

Waste
Atomic Energy
Act, 1962

These rules apply to all persons and institutions that: Hazardous Hazardous
Chemical Rule,
Chemicals 1989
• Generate
• Collect Solid Municiple Solid
Wastes Waste Rule, 2000

• Receive
Lead Acid Batteries Rule,
• Store Batteries 2001

• Transport Hazardous Hazardous Waste

Waste Rule, 2008

• Treat
• Dispose E-Waste e-Waste Rule,
2011

• Handle Hazardous Hazardous Micro-

Micro- organisms or Cells
Biomedical waste in any form. organisms
Rule, 1989
BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES

• Reporting accident occurring while handling of bio-medical waste having potential to affect large
masses of public and includes toppling of the truck carrying bio-medical waste, accidental release
of bio-medical waste in any water body but exclude accidents like needle prick injuries, mercury
spills.
• Managing includes all steps required to ensure that bio- medical waste is managed in such a manner
as to protect health and environment against any adverse effects due to handling of such waste.
• No hospital/ healthcare facility (occupier) shall establish on-site treatment and disposal facility, if a
service of “common bio-medical waste treatment facility’’ (CBMWTF) is available at seventy-five
kilometers.
BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FEATURES

• Implementations have been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps and other health
activities.
• Phase out the use of chlorinated plastic bags and gloves.

• Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, through disinfection sterilization on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHO or NACO.

• Provide training to all its health care workers and immunize all health workers regularly against diseases like tetanus and
Hepatitis B.
• Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing biomedical waste for disposal in accordance with the guidelines
issued by the Central Pollution Control Board by 27th March, 2019.
• The new rules prescribe more stringent standards for incinerator to reduce the emission of pollutants in environment.
RESPONSIBL • Occupier is a person having administrative control over the
institution and the premises generating bio-medical waste, which
E FIGURES includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary
institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank,
health care facility and clinical establishment, irrespective of
their system of medicine and by whatever name they are called.
• Operator of a common bio-medical waste treatment, means a
person who owns or controls a Common Bio-medical Waste
Treatment Facility (CBMWTF) for the collection, reception,
storage, transport, treatment, disposal or any other form of
handling of bio-medical waste.
• Prescribed authority, means the State Pollution Control Board in
respect of a State and Pollution Control Committees in respect
of an Union territory.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE

BIO MEDICAL WASTE

NON
HAZARDOUS
HAZARDOUS

INFECTIOUS OTHER
WASTE HAZRDOUS
*radioactive waste
*non sharps
*discarded glass
*sharps
*pressurized containers
*plastic disposables
*chemical waste
*liquid wastes
*incinerator ash
CLASSIFICATION OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
BIO MEDICAL
WASTE
NON
HAZARDOU HAZARDOUS
S

INFECTIOUS OTHER
WASTE HAZRDOUS

*radioactive waste
*non sharps
*discarded glass
*sharps
*pressurized containers
*plastic disposables
*chemical waste
*liquid wastes
*incinerator ash
DUTIES OF OCCUPIER (HOSPITAL/HEALTHCARE
FACILITY)
• To provide a safe ,ventilated and secured location for storage of segregated BMW within
premises.
• Use of chlorinated plastic bags(excluding blood bags) and gloves.
• To provide training to all workers at least once in a year.
• Immunization against Hepatitis B and tetanus for workers.
• Establishment of a Bar-Code system for bags and containers containing BMW.
• Maintain records daily and display the monthly and annual record on website.
DUTIES OF OPERATOR
OF BMW TREATMENT
FACILITY
• Report major accidents like fire, blasts
during handling BMW and remedial action
taken to State Pollution Control Board.
• Ensure timely collection of BMW from
healthcare facilities.
• Handing over of recyclable waste after
treatment by autoclaving and incineration.
• Assist health care facilities in training of
workers.
• Up gradation of existing incinerators.
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL:

• No healthcare facility shall setup onsite BMW treatment facilities if a “common bio-
medical waste treatment facility’’ exists within 75 kms of distance.
• Provided that the lab and highly infectious bio-medical waste generated shall be pre-
treated by equipment like autoclave or microwave.
• In cases where service of the common bio-medical waste treatment facility is not
available, the Occupiers shall set up requisite biomedical waste treatment equipment like
incinerator, autoclave or microwave, shredder prior to commencement of its operation.
SEGREGATION, PACKING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT:

• Bio-medical waste classified into 4 categories based on treatment options.

• No untreated bio-medical waste shall be mixed with other wastes.
• Untreated human anatomical waste, animal anatomical waste, soiled waste and,
biotechnology waste shall not be stored beyond a period of forty –eight hours.
• If required to store beyond 48 hours, the occupier shall ensure that it does not affect
human health and inform the “Spill Prevention, control and countermeasure” with reason.
AUTHORIZATION:  

• One time Authorization for Non-bedded HCFs.

• The validity of authorisation for bedded health care facility and operator of a common
facility shall be synchronised with the validity of the consents.
• In case of refusal of renewal, cancellation or suspension of the authorisation by the
prescribed authority, the reasons shall be recorded in writing:
Provided that the prescribed authority shall give an opportunity of being heard to the
applicant before such refusal of the authorisation.
COLOR CODING OF SEGREGATION OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
 COLOUR CODING OF WASTE SEGREGATION
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

Category Bag/Container Used Type of Waste Disposal/Treatment

Yellow Non Chlorinated Plastic bags • Biological excreta and
anatomical waste.
Incineration or Plasma Pyrolysis

• Expired and discarded drugs.

• Chemical and clinical waste
• Linens, beddings contaminated
with body fluids.

Red Non Chlorinated Plastic bags or

containers.
Contaminated Waste (Recyclable) Autoclaving / Hydroclaving /
Microwaving

White(Translucent) (Translucent) Puncture, Leak,

Tamper proof bags
Waste Sharps including metal
sharps
Auto or Dry Heat Sterilization
followed by shredding or
encapsulation

Blue Puncture and Leak proof bags or

containers with blue coloured
Broken/Discarded glass.
Metallic body implants
Disinfection or Autoclaving and
then sent for recycling
markings.
• Medical waste incineration is the process of
burning specific wastes, including
pathological, trace chemotherapy and non-
hazardous pharmaceutical wastes as it is
considered the safest, most effective means of
treatment and prevents harm to the
environment and our health in general.
• It reduces organic and combustible waste to
inorganic incombustible matter and results in a
very significant reduction of waste-volume
and weight.
• It is selected for waste that cannot be recycled,
reused or disposed off in a land slide.
Autoclaving is a low heat thermal process and it
uses steam for disinfection of waste
Microwaving is a process which disinfects the
waste by moist heat and steam generated by
microwave energy.
Dry heat sterilization uses high
temperatures to kill microorganisms and
bacterial spores. Another type of sterilization
by heat uses moist heat. Dry heat sterilization
requires higher temperatures and longer
exposure times than moist heat sterilization.
Disposal of sharp materials
Blades and needles waste after disinfection
should be disposed in circular or rectangular
pits. Such pits can be dug and lined with
brick, masonry, or concrete rings.
• Disinfection (by soaking the washed glass
waste after cleaning with detergent and
Sodium Hypochlorite treatment) or through
autoclaving or microwaving or
hydroclaving and then sent for recycling
FORM FOR ACCIDENT REPORTING FORM FOR AUTHORISATION
THANK
YOU!
GAURAV GAUR

SRISHTI SINGH

SIMRAN GROVER

JANHVI SRIVASTAVA