How life forms came about to

Earth?
Cyanobacteria –
single-celled
organisms
 What are the
possible sources of
water on Earth?
Criteria of a Habitable Planet
• Presence of Liquid water
• Distance from the Sun
• Presence of Atmosphere
 What are the
possible sources of
heat on Earth?
Heat coming from the radioactive decay of the core and mantle.
Heat coming from the Sun.
Lesson 1.4
Motion
s of
Earth
 23.5°

Rotation
It is the amount of
time that Earth takes
around once on its
axis.

An axis is an imaginary line about which a

body rotates.
Revolution
It is the movement
of Earth around the
sun in its orbit.
 KINDS of ROTATION

 Solar day - the amount

it takes for the sun to
return to the same spot.

 Sidereal day - the

amount it takes for
Earth to turn on its
own axis.
 The rotation of the
Earth comes from the
angular momentum of all
the particles that came
together to create
Earth 4.6 billion years
ago.
 The simultaneous motions of the earth make it
possible to support life.

As Earth rotates around the sun, a flow of energy is

received through solar radiation.
Biological Physiological
Meteorological
Lesson 1.5

Earth’s Systems
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
 explain that Earth consists of four subsystems across whose
boundaries matter and energy flow.
Earth as a Closed
System

“The amount of matter within a closed system is

fixed.”
Mt. Pinatubo Eruption (1991)
Earth’s Subsystems

1. Geosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere
4. Biosphere
Geosphere
 It refers to the solid Earth.
 It is composed of naturally-
occurring solid aggregate of
minerals, organic materials,
or natural glass called
rocks.
 And loose particles of rocks
blanketing the surface of
earth called regolith.
Hydrosphere
 The totality of Earth’s water,
including the permanently frozen
parts called cryosphere.
 Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System that contains water
in all phases.
 The water in the atmosphere is
considered separate from that in
the hydrosphere but they are
ultimately interconnected.
Atmosphere
 It is the mixture of gases that
surround the planet such as
N, Ar, O, CO2 and H2O
vapor.
 N (78%), O (21%), Ar
(0.9%), and the remaining
0.1% is made up of different
trace gases.
Biosphere
 It includes all the life forms, even organic
matter that has not yet decomposed.
 Most life on Earth exists within a zone no
wider than 20km where interactions
between the lithosphere, hydrosphere and
atmosphere create a habitable
environment.
 It is also in this zone that the interaction
between the different systems is most
dynamic.
The four subsystems are closely linked through the
biogeochemical cycles which involves biological,
geological and chemical factors.