Mapping the Periodic

Table
 How are elements different?
 Elements are either metals, non-
metals, and metalloids
 Each element has a different level of
reactivity
 Reactive- indicates how likely an
element is to undergo a chemical
change
 Metals
Elements that:
1. Conduct electricity &
heat
2. Are malleable
(bendable)
3. Are shiny
 Most are solids at room
temperature
 Found on periodic table
- Groups 1-14*; most
elements are metals
 Reactive Metals
 Group 1- Alkali Metals: most
reactive of ALL groups
 Group 2- Alkaline Earth
Metals: very reactive but not
quite as much as Group 1
 Both groups especially
reactive with water.
 Transition Metals
 Groups 3-12

 Less reactive but are usually very malleab

 Very good conductors
 Gold, Silver, Iron, Copper, etc….
 Rare Earth Metals
 Atomic numbers 57-71 are called Lanthanides.

 Atomic numbers 89- 103 are called Actinides.

 Hard to isolate in pure form so they are called rare.

 Non-metals
These elements are:
1. poor conductors

2. not malleable

3. usually dull

4. mostly gas at room

temp
 Right side of periodic
table
 Halogens

 Group 17

 Very reactive and love to

form “salts”
 Noble Gases
 Group 18

 These gases do not react with any other

elements, so they are considered “noble”
 Metalloids
 Elements that have
properties of both
metals and non-metals
 Most common metalloid
is Silicon
 Silicon is used to make
microchips for
computers because it is
a semiconductor
 Subatomic Particles
 Protons were discovered by Rutherford in
1919.
 Neutrons were discovered by James
Chadwick in 1932.

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

 Subatomic Particles
 Protons and electrons are the only particles that
have a charge.
 Protons and neutrons have essentially the same
mass.
 The mass of an electron is so small we ignore it.

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

 Symbols of Elements

Elements are symbolized by one or two

letters.

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

 Atomic Number

All atoms of the same element have the

same number of protons:
The atomic number (Z)
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
 Atomic Mass

The mass of an atom in atomic mass units

(amu) is the total number of protons and
neutrons in the atom.

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

 Isotopes
 Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
different masses.
 Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons.

11 12 13 14
6C 6 C 6 C 6 C
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 Example

No. of No. of No. of Atomic Atomic

Element Electrons Neutrons
Protons Number Mass
Na 11 11 11 11 22
16 16
K 19
9 9

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