Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• One of the most famous

and influential
philosophers of the
French Enlightenment in
the eighteenth century.
• Author of The Social
Contract
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Believed man was
corrupted socially.
• Believed government had
became powerful through
knowledge, which crushed
individual liberty.
The Social Contract
• “Men are born free, yet
everywhere are in
chains”.
Sovereign/Ruler
(State)

Freedom
(General will or mutual
transferring of rights)
Citizens
(Individual Rights)
The Social Contract
• Is not an actual
historical event. It is a
philosophical fiction, a
metaphor, and a certain
way of looking at a
society of voluntary
collection of agreeable
individuals.
The Social Contract
• “There must be a
common power or
government which the
plurality of individuals
(citizens) should confer
all their powers and
strength into (freedom)
one will (ruler)”.
 The Social Contract
• The 1986 EDSA Revolution
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Figured out how to
ensure that the general
will of all the people
could be expressed as
truly as possible in their
government.
• Aimed to figured out
how to make society as
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• democratic as possible.
 The Social Contract
• Believed man was corrupted socially.
• Believed government had became powerful
through knowledge, which crushed individual
liberty.
• “Man is born free, and he is everywhere in
chains”.
 The Social Contract
• Controls by a freely formed government are
good.
• When government is by the consent of the
governed people obtain their rights.
• The term "social contract" is not an actual
historical event. It is a philosophical fiction, a
metaphor, and a certain way of looking at a
•society of voluntary collection of agreeable
individuals.
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• For Bf Skinner, the environment selects
which is similar with natural selection.
• We must take into account that what the
environment does to an organism not only
before but also after it responds.
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
Operant Conditioning
• Is the behavior that operates upon the
environment to produce consequences. It can
be studied by arranging environments in
which specific consequences are contingent
upon it.
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• The second result is practical, the
environment can be manipulated.
• Yelon believes that it is the result of
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• overanalyzed of the word reward and
punishment. Instead there should be a
balance in relationship and others and the
environment.
• According to Skinner ,struggle for
freedom is not due to the will to be free
but to certain behavioral processes of the
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• human organism which is the avoidance of
or escape from the aversive features of
environment.
•Yelon believes that it is the result of
overanalyzed of the word reward and
punishment. Instead there should be a
balance in relationship and others and the
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• environment.
• According to Skinner, struggle for
freedom is not due to the will to be free
but to certain behavioral processes of the
human organism which is the avoidance of
or escape from the aversive features of
environment.
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• If only we accept the fact that we depend
upon the world around us and we simply
change the nature of dependency that
would made social environment free from
aversive stimuli.
• We do not need to destroy or escape in the
environment we just need to redesign it.
 Evaluating and Exercise Prudence in
Choices
• In recognizing life’s open endedness, we
learn to be flexible and adaptable.
• Being responsible is simply doing
independently of his own initiative.
• It is the consciousness of freedom of
having acted one’s desire and are not
imposed by external power.