VECTORS

Illustrating and Combining

Vectors
 What is a Vector?

A quantity having direction as

well as magnitude, especially
as determining the position of
one point in space relative to
another.
Illustrating Vector
 Illustrating Vector: Things to consider
• Origin – The starting point in
space of the vector

• Cartesian Coordinate Plane

• Arrow – Represents the
magnitude and direction of
the vector (may use labels)
• Angle – Represents the exact
direction of the vector
Illustrating Vector: Things to consider

Origin
Cartesian Plane
m k Arrow
10
Angle
130o
70o SCALE: Vector:
1cm:1Km 130
10km, 70 o o
Illustrating Vector

VECTOR DIAGRAM
Combining
Vectors
GRAPHICAL METHOD
 Combining Vectors: HEAD-TO-TAIL METHOD
STEPS: Combine the vectors:
1. Draw the first vector
10 Newtons, 270o And 8 Newtons, 170o
2. Draw the second vector with the
ORIGIN located at the tip of the head if
the first vector.
3. (if there are more than two vectors) 270o
Draw the next vector with the ORIGIN
located at the tip of the head of the
previous vector.
4. If all the vectors are connected, find
the first origin and draw an arrow from
that origin connect it to the head of
the last vector. That will be your
RESULTANT. RESULTANT
5. Measure the length and angle from the
+ x axis of the arrow for the Resultant 170o
Vectors Magnitude and Direction.
 Combining
Vectors
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
 Combining Vectors: TRIGO-FUNCTIONS
A=8m

STEPS: B=5m
1. Visualize or illustrate first each Ay Ay 150oB
individual vectors 50o
By y

2. Visualize the component Ax Bx

vectors of each vector. Vector A Vector B Summation
3. Calculate and determine the
component vectors by using Ax: CAH Bx : CAH
𝐴𝑑𝑗 . 𝑜 𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝑑𝑗 . 𝑜 𝐵𝑥 Rx = Ax+ Bx
different Trigo-Functions (SOH- cos 𝜃= cos (50 )= cos 𝜃= cos (30 )=
𝐻𝑦𝑝 . 8𝑚 𝐻𝑦𝑝 . 5𝑚
CAH-TOA) Rx = 0.812 m
4. Combine all x-component and y- = 5.1423 m = -4.3301 m
component vectors separately Ay: SOH By : SOH
(Be careful to the signs of the 𝑂𝑝𝑝 . 𝑜 𝐴𝑦 𝑂𝑝𝑝 . 𝐵𝑦 Ry = Ay+ By
components) sin 𝜃= sin(50 )= sin 𝜃= sin( 30 )=
𝑜
𝐻𝑦𝑝 . 8𝑚 𝐻𝑦𝑝 . 5𝑚
Ry = 8.6284 m
= 6.1284 m = 2.5 m
 Combining Vectors: TRIGO-FUNCTIONS
STEPS:
4. Using Pythagorean Theorem,
combine the total x-component and
total y component to determine the
magnitude of the Resultant Vectors. B=5m
5. To determine the angle for direction

A=8m
 Combining Vectors: TRIGO-FUNCTIONS
STEPS:
4. Using Pythagorean Theorem,
combine the total x-component and
total y component to determine the
magnitude of the Resultant Vectors.
5. To determine the angle for direction

Ry = 8.6284 m

RESULANT (R)
The Vectors Sum of A and B

Rx = 0.812m
 What is the Magnitude of the Resultant Vector (R)?
Using PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM:
Rx = 0.812m
c2 =a2 + b2 or R2 = Rx2 + Ry2
2 2 2
𝑅 =( 0.812 𝑚 ) + ( 8.6284 𝑚 )
√ 𝑅 = √ ( 0.812𝑚 ) + ( 8.6284 𝑚 )
2 2 2

𝑅=√ ( 0.812 𝑚 ) + ( 8.6284 𝑚 )

2 2

Ry = 8.6284 m
= R 𝑹=𝟖.𝟔𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝒎
What is the direction (Angle) of the Resultant Vector?
Using Trigo-Function: TOA
𝑶𝒑𝒑 . 𝑹
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = 𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = 𝒙
𝑨𝒅𝒋 . 𝑹𝒚
𝜽 ¿ 𝟓 .𝟑𝟕𝟔 𝒐 0.812 𝑚
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃=
8.6284 𝑚
Therefore:
The Resultant Vector is 𝜃=tan
−1
( 0.812 𝑚
8.6284 𝑚 )
8.6621 m, 5.376o 𝜽=𝟓 .𝟑𝟕𝟔 𝒐