EDUCATION
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Parts and
IDEA
Function of
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Digestive
System
STRATEGY
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TARGET
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Digestion is the process of breaking
down food into nutrients, which the
body uses for energy, growth and cell
repair. It consists mainly of a long
muscular tube called the digestive tract.
This starts at the mouth, continues via
III. Innovation
esophagus /Intervention
and stomach, Strategy
to the intestines
and ends at the anus.
The system also relies on the
pancreas, liver and gall bladder to help
digest the food.
The
Digestive
System
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
Organs of Digestion
Mouth. It is the first part of the digestive
system composed of teeth and the tongue. The
tongue and the teeth are involved in the
digestion of food in the mouth. There are
different kinds of teeth and performs different
functions in the digestion.
Incisors. The front teeth with sharp edges
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
for biting and cutting the food.
Canine. The pointed teeth which grip and
tear the food.
Premolars. They crush and grind the food
Molars. The flat teeth used for chewing
the food.
Esophagus. It is a long muscular tube that
connects the pharynx to the throat to the
stomach. The walls of the esophagus is lined
with smooth muscles that contracts
rhythmically to move the food through the
digestive system in the process of peristalsis.
Stomach. It is a large
III. Innovation J-shaped
/Intervention organ at the end
Strategy
of the esophagus, on the left side of the body.
The capacity of the stomach is 50ml when
empty and can expand up to 2 to 4 liters when
full. The end of the stomach has a sphincter
muscle that closes and opens to allow the flow
of from the esophagus to the stomach.
Small intestine. It is the long coiled connected
from the stomach. If it is stretched, it is about
seven meters long. It has villi, small like finger
projections that protrude in the lining of the
intestinal wall to increase the absorptive area.
The absorption of the nutrients occurs in the
small intestine with the help of villi.
There are three
III. Innovation partsStrategy
/Intervention of the Small
Intestine:
Duodenum. It is the upper 20 cm.
connected to the stomach
Jejunum. It is about 2.5 meters long.
Ileum. It is the longest half coiled through
the abdominal cavity The last 20 or 30
centimeters of the colon are called
rectum.
Large intestine or colon. It is a large
coiled tube attached to the end of the
small intestine. It is only about 1.5
meters long, which includes the colon,
rectum, and appendix and twice as wide
as the small intestine. The last 20 or 30
centimeters of /Intervention
III. Innovation the colon are called
Strategy
rectum.
Learning Task 1: Identify the organs of digestion being
described. Select the letter of your answer from the list. Do
this on your answer sheet.
A. Mouth B. esophagus C. stomach
D. Large intestine E. small intestine
_____ 1. aIII.
longInnovation
coiled connected from the
/Intervention stomach. _____ 2. a
Strategy
long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the throat to the
stomach.
_____ 3. a large J-shaped organ at the end of the esophagus, on
the left side of the body.
_____ 4. Is the first part in the digestive system composed of
teeth and the tongue.
_____ 5. a large coiled tube attached to the end of the small
intestine.
Learning Task 2: Place the events in the
correct order. Number each sentence 1-5.
___ 1. Food ends up in the small intestine.
___ 2. Food is chewed up.
___ 3. Food is in the large intestine.
___ [Link]
Innovation
travels/Intervention
through theStrategy
esophagus.
___ 5. Food waste leaves the body.
The digestive system is made up of a continuous tube called
the digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract, extending from the
mouth to the anus, and some solid organs, such as the liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas. What I have
Mouth: Digestion begins in the mouth itself. The food is
broken down into smaller pieces using the teeth. Chewing learned
makes the job easier for the digestive juices in the stomach.
Saliva formed in the mouth contains the enzyme called
ptyalin,III. Innovation
which /Intervention
breaks down the [Link]
The tongue then rolls
the masticated food into a ball, known as the bolus and
pushes it to the posterior end of the mouth, and into the
pharynx.
Pharynx: The pharynx is a five-inch long tube that serves
as a common passage for both food and air. The pharynx
allows the bolus from the mouth, to enter the esophagus,
which is the next part of the digestive system.
Esophagus: The esophagus is a ten-inch long tube-like passage
that connects the pharynx with the upper end of the stomach.
The bolus from the mouth passes through the esophagus to
reach the stomach. The upper and lower ends of the esophagus
have sphincter muscles that prevent leaking of food from the What I have
stomach to the esophagus and the mouth. While swallowing, learned
these muscles relax and allow passage of food and liquids.
Stomach: The stomach is a sac-like structure and happens to
be the most dilated part of the digestive system. The primary
function III.
of theInnovation
stomach is /Intervention Strategy
to collect and break down food. The
stomach secretes gastric juice, which digests food like meat,
eggs, and milk. However, gastric juice does not digest starch,
sugars, and fats. It also secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin
enzymes. While certain types of food remain in the stomach
for two to five hours after ingestion, liquids and other small
particles get emptied fast. This partly digested food in the
stomach is called chime, which is then passed to the small
intestine.
Small Intestine: Stretching from the stomach to the
large intestine is the 20-feet-long small intestine, which
is coiled in the central portion of the abdominal cavity.
It is in this small intestine that the most extensive part What I have
of digestion occurs. The main functions of the small learned
intestine include digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The pancreas is a gland organ that is located behind
the stomach, and is connected
III. Innovation to the
/Intervention duodenum – the
Strategy
first part of the small intestine. The pancreas secretes
hormones and digestive enzymes which help in
digestion of food. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
are broken down and digested. Moreover, the salts
secreted by the liver and gallbladder work in
coordination with pancreatic lipase and digest lipids.
Large Intestine: The large intestine is a five-feet long
tube, which is subdivided into different parts such as
the cecum, colon, and rectum. The function of the large
intestine is to absorb water and mineral salts from the What I have
digested food received from the small intestine. learned
Moreover, the friendly bacteria present in the colon
produces vitamin K, which is needed for the body’s
blood III.
clotting process./Intervention
Innovation The waste Strategy
material or feces is
stored in the sigmoid colon, from where it is passed to
the rectum. It is from the rectum that the feces is
excreted out of the body via the anus.
Anus: The anus or anal opening is the last part of the
digestive system, through which feces is eliminated
from the body.
Learning Task 3: Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Do this on your answer sheet.
1. Which moves the food from the esophagus to the
stomach?
a. Swallowing c. peristalsis
b. fluid d. digestion
2. It is the organ where digestion starts
III. Innovation
a. Mouth /Intervention Strategy
c. stomach
b. Small intestine d. large intestine
3. Which organ takes nutrients from your food and
puts it in your bloodstream?
a. Stomach c. small intestine
b. esophagus d. large intestine
4. In which part of the digestive system are proteins
digested completely?
a. Stomach c. small intestine
b. Large intestine d. esophagus
5. In which part of the digestion system does
digestion end?
a. Mouth c. stomach
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
b. Small intestine d. large intestine
Key Answers
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
Learning Task 1: Identify the organs of digestion being
described. Select the letter of your answer from the list. Do
this on your answer sheet. Key Answers
A. Mouth B. esophagus C. stomach
D. Large intestine E. small intestine
E 1. aIII.
_____ longInnovation
coiled connected from the
/Intervention stomach. _____ 2. a
Strategy
long
B muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the throat to the
stomach.
C 3. a large J-shaped organ at the end of the esophagus, on
_____
the left side of the body.
A 4. Is the first part in the digestive system composed of
_____
teeth and the tongue.
D 5. a large coiled tube attached to the end of the small
_____
intestine.
Learning Task 2: Place the events in the
correct order. Number each sentence 1-5. Key Answers
___
3 1. Food ends up in the small intestine.
___ 2. Food is chewed up.
___
1 3. Food is in the large intestine.
4 [Link]
___ Innovation
travels/Intervention
through theStrategy
esophagus.
___
2 5. Food waste leaves the body.
5
Learning Task 3: Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Do this on your answer sheet.
Key Answers
1. Which moves the food from the esophagus to the
stomach?
a. Swallowing c. peristalsis
b. fluid d. digestion
2. It is the organ where digestion starts
a. MouthIII. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
c. stomach
b. Small intestine d. large intestine
3. Which organ takes nutrients from your food and
puts it in your bloodstream?
a. Stomach c. small intestine
b. esophagus d. large intestine
4. In which part of the digestive system are proteins Key Answers
digested completely?
a. Stomach c. small intestine
b. Large intestine d. esophagus
5. In which part of the digestion system does digestion
end?
a. Mouth c. stomach
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
b. Small intestine d. large intestine
