EDUCATION

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Parts and
IDEA

Function of
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Excretory
System
STRATEGY
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TARGET
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 At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to describe the function of the
excretory system and identify its parts.
Excretory System is the organ system
that is responsible for eliminating wastes
from the body. Removal of these wastes
from the body is necessary because they
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
become poisonous when they remain in
the body for long. The excretory system
works with other system and organs in the
body.
 The lungs is the respiratory system
eliminate water vapor and carbon dioxide
through exhalation. The digestive system
removes feces by defecation from the large
intestine and out through the anus. During
perspiration, the skin, a part of the
integumentary system, excretes sweat from
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the sweat glands.
The Urinary System is a part of the
excretory system that collects and
eliminates liquid waste. It consists of the
left and right kidneys, the ureters, the
urinary bladder, and the urethra.
 The
Excretory
System
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 The Urinary System is a part of the
excretory system that collects and eliminates
liquid waste. It consists of the left and right
kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and
the urethra.
The function of the Kidney
• The kidney regulates the water balance and
osmotic
III. pressure
Innovationof the blood.Strategy
/Intervention
• It regulates the pH of the blood.
• Kidney removes the poisonous substances
like urea, other waste salts and excess water
from the blood and excretes them in the form
of yellowish liquid known as urine.
 KIDNEYS are bean-shaped organs that are
approximately 10cm long and 5 cm wide each.
They are found near your backbone, one on each
side. They are the main excretory organs in the
body. They eliminate water, urea, and other waste
products in the form of urine, a liquid waste that
passes from your body. It is 95% water, in which
the waste products are dissolved.
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 The kidneys should function properly to
maintain a healthy life. Blood carries waste
products from the different parts of the body to
the kidneys through the renal arteries, the
blood vessels leading to the kidneys. Inside the
kidneys, the blood passes through filtering units
called nephrons, where impurities such as urea,
salts and other toxins are filtered out. Other
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substances such as water, glucose and other
nutrients, are returned to the bloodstream
through the renal veins, the blood vessels that
carry blood from the kidneys.
 URETERS are the tubes that are
approximately 45 cm long each. They
carry urine from the kidneys to the
urinary bladder, a pear-shaped muscular
sac located in the pelvis, where urine is
temporarily stored before elimination
fromIII.the body It
Innovation can holdStrategy
/Intervention more than 2
cups or 473 ML of liquid. Urine flows to
the urethra, a duct that is approximately
20cm long in males and 5cm long in
females. A ring-shaped muscle around
the urethra controls the flow of urine
out of the body through contraction.
 Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a pear-shaped reservoir that
stores urine before being discharged to the outside. The
urinary bladder is a smooth, collapsible, muscular sac
that stores urine temporarily, It is located
retroperitoneal on the pelvic floor just posterior to the
pubic symphysis. The prostate (part of the male
reproductive system) lies inferior to the bladder neck,
which empties into the /Intervention
III. Innovation urethra. In females,
Strategy the bladder
is anterior to the vagina and uterus.
 Urethra
The urethra is a muscular tube that arises from the neck
of the bladder and conducts the urine to the outside
through an opening at its end, the urinary opening.
Learning Task 1: Identify what is being described. Choose
the best answer.
1. A muscular sac where urine is temporarily stored
a. ureter c. urethra
b. kidneys d. urinary bladder
2. The filtering unit of the kidney
a. ureter c. bladder
b. urethra d. nephron
3. The procedure by which
III. Innovation the bloodStrategy
/Intervention undergoes
artificial filtering to remove wastes
a. defecation c. hemodialysis
b. exhalation d. urethra
4. The organ through which urine leaves your body
a. anus c. kidney
b. skin d. urethra
5. The process by which wastes generally leave your
body.
a. digestion c. respiration
b. excretion d. perspiration
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
Learning Task 2: identify parts of the
excretory system. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
5

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The excretory system of human beings gathers and
drains out the wastes from the body. Human excretory
system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a
What I have
urinary bladder and a urethra. The waste substances
dissolved in the blood are carried to the kidneys for learned
filtration.
 KIDNEY
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They are bean shaped organs that are located on either
side of the backbone at the level of stomach and liver.
Renal arteries allow the blood to enter the kidney
while blood leaves from renal veins.
FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS
• Kidneys remove nitrogenous waste urea from blood.
• Kidneys remove excess of water from body. What I have
• Kidneys maintain proper pH of blood by removing
the excess of acids and bases from blood.
learned
• Kidneys maintain proper balance of concentration of
salts inIII.blood.
Innovation /Intervention Strategy
• Kidneys remove other toxic substances from blood
like urea, uric acid and ammonia.
• It maintains volume of extracellular fluid.
 Ureters. Tubes that carry the waste products from
kidneys to the urinary bladder for release or storage.
Kidneys’ by-product is urine that is water like
solution containing waste products, salts, organic What I have
compounds, uric acid and urea.
learned
 Urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a pear-
shapedIII.reservoir that
Innovation stores urine
/Intervention before being
Strategy
discharged to the outside.

 Urethra. The urethra is a muscular tube that arises

from the neck of the bladder and conducts the urine
to the outside through an opening at its end, the
urinary opening.
 The path of urine through the urinary system
From the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder;
from there through the urethra to be expelled from the
body. What I have
Explanation: learned
 Urine is formed after a process of glomerular
filtration in the kidneys.
 This urine is then /Intervention
III. Innovation conducted through
Strategy the ureters,
twin muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the
bladder, a storage chamber.
 The bladder is a muscular chamber that expands as
urine fills it.
 From the bladder, a muscular tube, the urethra
connects to the outside.
 The urethra , an internal
sphincter at the junction of the
urethra and bladder, and an
What I have
external sphincter comprising
the pelvic floor muscles, keep learned
the urine in the bladder till it is
readyIII.
to expel the urine.
Innovation /Intervention Strategy

 For urination, the bladder

walls contract and the urethra
and sphincter muscles relax, to
allow urine to flow out from
the urethra.
Learning Task 3: Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Do this on your answer sheet.

1. What is the smallest functional component of the human

excretory system?
a. bladder c. kidney
b. nephron d. urethra
2. Where does urine flow?
a. FromIII.the Innovation
stomach to /Intervention
the liver Strategy
b. From the kidney to the bladder
c. From the bladder to the kidney
d. From the liver to the stomach
3. Where does the urine get stored before it is pushed out of
the body?
a. Bladder c. Liver
b. Stomach d. Kidney
4. What tube carries urine outside the body from the bladder?
a. Ureter c. Distal tubule
b. Urethra d. loop of Henle
5. What is excretory system?
a. A system that deals with the elimination of metabolic
waste.
b. Is a passive biological system that removes excess,
necessary or dangerous materials from an organism, so as
to help maintain homeostasis or internal environmental
III. within
balance Innovation /Intervention
the organism Strategy
and prevent damage of the
body.
c. It helps keep the blood flowing.
d. All of the above
Key Answers
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Learning Task 1: Identify what is being described. Choose
the best answer.
1. A muscular sac where urine is temporarily stored Key Answers
a. ureter c. urethra
b. kidneys d. urinary bladder
2. The filtering unit of the kidney
a. ureter c. bladder
b. urethra d. nephron
3. The procedure by which
III. Innovation the bloodStrategy
/Intervention undergoes
artificial filtering to remove wastes
a. defecation c. hemodialysis
b. exhalation d. urethra
4. The organ through which urine leaves your body
a. anus c. kidney
b. skin d. urethra
5. The process by which wastes generally leave your
body.
a. digestion c. respiration
b. excretion d. perspiration
III. Innovation /Intervention Strategy
Learning Task 2: identify parts of the
excretory system. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
5 Aorta

Kidneys

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Ureter

Bladder

Urethra
Learning Task 3: Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Do this on your answer sheet.

1. What is the smallest functional component of the human

excretory system?
a. bladder c. kidney
b. nephron d. urethra
2. Where does urine flow?
a. FromIII.the Innovation
stomach to /Intervention
the liver Strategy
b. From the kidney to the bladder
c. From the bladder to the kidney
d. From the liver to the stomach
3. Where does the urine get stored before it is pushed out of
the body?
a. Bladder c. Liver
b. Stomach d. Kidney
4. What tube carries urine outside the body from the bladder?
a. Ureter c. Distal tubule
b. Urethra d. loop of Henle
5. What is excretory system?
a. An system that deals with the elimination of
metabolic waste.
b. Is a passive biological system that removes excess,
necessary or dangerous materials from an organism, so as
to help maintain homeostasis or internal environmental
III. within
balance Innovation /Intervention
the organism Strategy
and prevent damage of the
body.
c. It helps keep the blood flowing.
d. All of the above