PhD program Electrical and Computer Engineering

ASSIGNMENT 1, SMART GRIDS

Porto | 2022.03.31
Outline

1. Introduction

2. Methodology and hypotheses

3. Cases of study

4. Results and discussion

5. Main conclusions and future work

1.INTRODUCTION
• “Decarbonization levers”

• Deployment of renewables

• Reduction of 80% and 95% of emissions in 2050

• The transition toward a generation mix with a large proportion of small and PV facilities.

• DSO will become more relevant and complex.

• Different penetration levels can cause benefits and also inconveniences to the distribution system.
1.INTRODUCTION
• Distribution networks have been designed to transport energy from the high-voltage grid to

consumptions points. (Simultaneity factor)

• SF=1, PV
2.METHODOLOGY
• The aim of this work is to analyze, as realistically and representatively as
possible, the impact on distribution networks of increasing levels of distributed
(rooftop) PV penetration, from a perspective of grid capacity and losses.

• The second major difference with previous works lies in the use of actual and
georeferenced points of supply, each characterized by its contracted power,
assigned power,1 number of customers at the same location, supply voltage,
2.METHODOLOGY
• Define the level of penetration

• SPeakP (ratio of installed PV power to the sum of LV feeder peak powers)

• PZeroD (refer to the level of installed PV power to the peak power that,
throughout the year, produces the same energy which is supplied to the
load by the network understudy)

• TotSP (ratio of number of supply points with rooftop PV installed to the total
number of supply points in the area)

• SContrP (ratio between the installed PV power and the sum of the powers
contracted
by the customers in each feeder or area)
• SMaxP (the ratio of the installed PV power to the sum of maximum PV power
installable at each supply point)
2.METHODOLOGY
1._ Realistic estimation of the roof surface available on each building.

2._Construction of hourly generation profiles for different degrees of distributed PV

penetration throughout the area of interest.

3._Determination of hourly PV production and net consumption for

each building with rooftop PV.
4._ Load flow solution and loss calculation using the tool(ANETO),
5._ Assessment of non-compliance with regulatory electrical constraints
• Energy-cumulated Voltage Violation Index (EVVI):
• Length-cumulated Section Saturation Index (LSSI):
3. CASE STUDY
• The methodology described above has been applied to a real distribution system
servicing part of Barcelona province. The selected subsystem, comprising both
urban and rural areas, is representative enough of the different customer types,
load densities, and network topologies arising in practice so that the conclusions
can be extrapolated to the whole distribution system
3. CASE STUDY(Load profiles)
3. CASE STUDY(Comparison of different PV penetration definitions
applied to increasing scenarios of PV generation)
3. CASE STUDY(Net LV hourly demand curves on summer and winter solstices)
3. CASE STUDY(LOSSES)
3. CASE STUDY(NETWORK CONGESTIONS
3. CONCLUSIONS

• The impact of rooftop PV generation on distribution network losses

should be assessed on a local basis, at the feeder level.

• The maximum impact on LV losses takes place in semi-urban zones,

where there are often more supply groupings per LV feeder with more
laterals, and therefore more junction nodes over which several PV
generators come together.

• The lowest impact of rooftop PV generation on network losses occurs in

low-density rural zones, where the grid structure is more radial with a
limited number of supplies per LV lateral.

• This study should be carried out in an unbalanced LV network.

• Non-uniform radiation should be considered

PhD program Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Porto | 2022.03.31