GROUP MEMBERS

PRESENTED BY:
GROUP#6 •Laraib Fatima 20011509-013
•Maha Arshad 20011509-051
•Qurat ul Ain 20011509-004
•Maryam rani 20011509-054
•Ayman shahbaz 20011509-002
•Eisha Farooq 20011509-043
Table of content
• What is suicide?
• Background
• Types
• Causes of suicide
• Suicide in Islam
• Christianity and suicide
• Suicide ratio in Pakistan vs
other countries
• How to reduce it and
remedies of it
Presented by:
Laraib Fatima
20011509-013
Introduction

Derive from Latin word

 “sui” means “oneself”

 “cidium” means “killing”
Definition

“Deliberately initiated action

and the person had a specific
intention to cause his own
death.”
OR
“Ultimate act of self
destruction.”
B
A
C
K
G
R
O
U
N
D
Durkheim on suicide

• Of the many scholars who have

attempted to deal with the problem of
suicide only Durkheim has given the
most satisfactory and understandable
explanation.
• The hypothesis which he advanced in his
“suicide” follows logically from his
theory of social cohesion and social
isolation.
 According to
Durkheim
• “According to Durkheim, the term
suicide is applied to all cases of death
resulting directly or indirectly from a
positive or negative act of the victim
himself, which he knows will produce
this result.”
• He also believes that because of high levels of anomie
there are high levels of suicide.
Types of suicide

• Egoistic suicide

• Altruistic suicide

• Anomic suicide

• Fatalistic suicide
Edwin Schneidman
Theory
• Focused on the nature of psychological needs
and the consequences of having those needs
thwarted.
• "Suicide is caused by a certain kind of
psychological pain called "psychache".

• is defined as a general psychological and

emotional pain that reaches intolerable
intensity. Risk factors operate by increasing
psychache which predisposes one to suicidality.
Thomas Joiner

• The interpersonal-psychological theory of

suicidal behavior argues that, in order to
enact lethal self harm, an individual must
habituate to physical pain and the fear of
death.
• This process of habituation occurs through
repeated exposure to painful and
provocative events.
Maha Arshad
20011509-051
CAUSES OF SUICIDE:
• Struggling to cope with certain difficulties in your
life can cause you to suicide. These difficulties may
include:
• mental health problems.
• bullying or discrimination, including racism.
• Different types of abuse, including domestic and
physical abuse.
• Bereavement, including losing a loved one to suicide.
• The end of a relationship.
• Adjusting to a big change, such as retirement or
redundancy.
Moreover….
• Money problems.
• Isolation or loneliness.
• Being in prison.
• Feeling inadequate or a
failure.
• Cultural pressure, such
as forced marriage.
 Suicide Presented by:
Qurat ul ain
Islamic 20011509-004
viewpoint
ISLAM VEIWS ON SUICIDE

 Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam views suicide strictly as sinful and detrimental to ones spiritual
journey. However, human beings are said to be liable to committing mistakes, thus, God forgives the sins
and wipes them out if the individual is truly sincere in repentance, true to the causes and determined in
intention.
 For those who believed, but eventually disbelieved in God in the end, the result seems unambiguously
negative. In the Quran, although God is said to be 'the Most Merciful, the Most Kind' and forgives all sins,
the great sin of unbelief is deemed unforgivable. Despite this, there is an unpopular view that actions
committed in the course of jihad resulting in one's own death are not considered suicide, even if by the
nature of the act death is assured (e.g. suicide bombing). Such acts are instead considered a form of
martyrdom. However, there is Quranic evidence to the contrary stating those involved in the killing of the
innocent are wrongdoers and transgressors. Nevertheless, some claim Islam does permit the use of suicide
only against the unjust and oppressors if one feels there is absolutely no other option available and life
otherwise would end in death.
 "Don't kill yourself. No doubt Allah (SWT) is
merciful and anyone who does so, will be pushed in
fire. And it is easy for Allah (swt)." (Nisa: 4:29, 4:30)
"Don't' kill yourself with your own hands" (Baqra
2:195) If anyone killed a person not in retaliation for
murder (without just cause) or to spread mischief in
the land, it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if
IN QURAN anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved all
mankind.} (Al-Ma'idah 5:32)
 And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden,
except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly - We
have given his heir authority, but let him not exceed
limits in (the matter of) taking life. Indeed, he has
been supported (Al-Isra, 17: 33).
IN HADITH

 "Whoever kills himself with a weapon in this world, he will be tortured in hell with the same weapon".
(Bukhari) ."Whoever strangles himself with a rope, he will keep on strangling himself until being burnt in hell.
And he who killed himself with a spear, he will keep on being killed by spear until he is sent to hell." (Bukhari).
 Narrated Abu Huraira (RA): “We were in the company of Allah's Messenger on an expedition, and he remarked
about a man who claimed to be a Muslim, saying, “This (man) is from the people of the (Hell) Fire.”
 When the battle started, the man fought violently till he got wounded. Somebody said, “O Allah's Apostle! The
man whom you described as being from the people of the (Hell) Fire fought violently today and died.”
 The Prophet said, “He will go to the (Hell) Fire.” Some people were on the point of doubting when suddenly
someone said that he was still alive but severely wounded.
 When night fell, he lost patience and committed suicide. The Prophet was informed of that, and he said, “Allah is
Greater! I testify that I am Allah's Slave and His Apostle.”
 Then he ordered Bilal to announce amongst the people: 'None will enter Paradise but a Muslim, and Allah may
support this religion (i.e. Islam) even with a disobedient man.‘
CONT.

"A hypocrite fighting along with Rasulullah (saw) was very brave in the
fight but when he was too much hurt, he killed himself with his own sword
to avoid pain. Upon this, Rasulullah (saw) informed all that this person
goes to hell. He said that there are some who do a few things to qualify for
heaven, but they actually qualify for nothing except hell. Similarly, there
are some whom everyone considers as going to hell, but they are actually
going to heaven." (Muslim). • "Rasulullah said there was a person back in
time who had a painful acne and he cut his own wound whereby a lot of
blood spilled and he died. Allah (swt) said "Heaven is forbidden to him".
(Muslim)
 Narrated Abu Huraira:
“The Prophet (SAW) said, whoever purposely
throws himself from a mountain and kills himself,
will be in the (Hell) fire falling down into it and
SUICIDE abiding therein perpetually forever; and whoever
drinks poison and kills himself with it, he will be
IS HARAM carrying his poison in his hand and drinking it in
the (Hell) fire wherein he will abide eternally
forever; and whoever kills himself with an iron
weapon, will be carrying that weapon in his hand
and stabbing his abdomen with it in the (Hell) fire
wherein he will abide eternally forever.”
 Among those who were before you,
there was a man who was injured. He was
impatient so he took a knife and made a SUICIDE IS
cut in his hand and bled to death. Allah, FORBIDDEN
the Exalted, said: “My servant hastened to IN ISLAM ?
bring about his demise; I have forbidden
Paradise to him.” [Bukhari and Muslim].
Preventions Presented by
to reduce
suicidal AYMAN
ratio
20011509-0O2
Suicide ratio in Pakistan
• Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population.
Crude suicide rate (not age-adjusted).
• Pakistan suicide rate for 2019 was 8.90, a 0% increase from 2018.
• Pakistan suicide rate for 2018 was 8.90, a 2.2% decline from 2017.
• Pakistan suicide rate for 2017 was 9.10, a 0% increase from 2016.
• Pakistan suicide rate for 2016 was 9.10, a 1.11% increase from 2015.
Historical data •The table show the ratio
of Pakistan of suicides in Pakistan
•This also show the ratio of
suicide rate male and female
•Suicide rate
Ratio of suicide in other countries
• Suicide occurs throughout the world, affecting individuals of all nations, cultures, religions,
genders, and classes. Other innate factors, such as disorders of the mind and abnormalities at
birth, can heighten someone's propensity for experiencing depression, whether as the occasional
episode or a lifelong ailment. To lower the rates of deaths resulting from suicide, countries need
to address many common underlying factors that add up and make someone more likely to
choose suicide as an outlet. Depression rates are one factor that holds serious importance, but
other factors to take into consideration are academic, performance, physical condition, mental
health and well-being, economic standing, financial struggles, workplace performance, and
overall life satisfaction.
In 2019, the ten countries with the highest suicide
rates (number of suicides per 100k) were:
South Korea -
Lesotho - 72.4 Guyana - 40.3 Eswatini - 29.4
28.6

Federated States
Kiribati - 28.3 of Micronesia - Lithuania - 26.1 Suriname - 25.4
28.2

South Africa -
Russia - 25.1
23.5
The only western European nation with an exceptionally high suicide rate is Belgium, which ranks at number eleven with
18.3 suicides per 100k. However, it is worth noting that Belgium has some of the world's most liberal laws on doctor-assisted
suicide, also known as euthanasia, which is likely to be a factor in its statistics.

Countries with the Lowest Suicide Rates;

Perhaps surprisingly, many of the most troubled nations in the world have comparatively low suicide rates. Afghanistan has
4.1 suicides per 100k; Iraq has 3.6, and Syria has just 2.0. It is not clear if the suicide statistics for these countries reflect
suicides committed due to mental health problems and terminal illnesses (which are the primary reasons for suicide in most
of the world) or include suicides committed as part of the ongoing conflicts in these countries.
The world's lowest suicide rates are in the following countries:

Antigua and Barbuda - 0.4

Barbados - 0.6

Grenada - 0.7

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - 1.0

Sao Tome and Principe - 1.5

Jordan - 1.6

Syria - 2.0

Venezuela - 2.1

Honduras - 2.1

Philippines - 2.2
Suicide in South Korea

• According to the World Health Organization, the suicide rate in South Korea is the fourth
highest in the world. One factor in its high suicide rate is suicides among the elderly.
Traditionally, children have been expected to care for their aging parents; however,
because this system has mostly disappeared in the twenty-first century, many older
adults commit suicide, rather than feel like they are a financial burden on their families.
In addition to the elderly, students have higher-than-average suicide rates, at least partly
because they feel high levels of pressure to succeed academically.
Suicide in Sweden

• In 2019, Sweden had 14.7 suicides per 100,000 people. Historically, Sweden has had a high
suicide rate, with the most suicides in the developed world during the 1960s. That may have been
due, at least in part, to cultural attitudes regarding suicide and long, dark winters, particularly in
the northern regions. The government responded to the crisis with social welfare and mental
health services, and the numbers have dropped dramatically. Today, Scandinavian countries –
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland – have very high happiness rates and relatively low
suicide rates. However, the dark winters – 20 hours of darkness or more in each day in some
areas – causes seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a form of depression, which has been known to
correlate with higher rates of suicide
Suicide in China

• In China, suicide is the fifth leading cause of death and accounts for over one-quarter of
suicides worldwide. In contrast with many Western countries, in which men are more
likely to commit suicide, most suicide victims in China are women. China's economic
boom has led to greater independence for women, who are now much more able to get
divorced as a means of dealing with domestic violence. However, the strain of divorce
means that they must work long hours while raising their children, often without family
support that the culture has traditionally relied on in the past. . Most suicide attempts in
China are carried out with a pesticide or other poison.
Ratio of suicide 2022
In world
Preventions Presented by
to reduce
suicidal Eisha Farooq
ratio
20011509-043
Preventions to reduce suicidal
ratio:

Suicides are preventable. There are many ways that can be

taken to prevent suicidal attempts.
1) Talk and Listen:
• Social support is very important in order to
prevent suicides. The person who has suicidal thoughts
listen and take their concerns seriously. Don’t deny their
thoughts. Do not leave them alone.
2) Understanding Depression:
 There are so many reasons behind suicide, but the most
common reason is depression.
 Let’s Be Aware. Note change in behavior , If you spot the
warning signs of suicide in someone you care about help
them immediately because the sooner the better.
 Contin……..
3) Avoid unhealthy counseling :
Don’t say:
 Suicide is not a solution
 Only weak people have depression
 Change your environment
 You should not have given up
4. Get Professional Help:
 Medication and Counseling is important
 Depression is a disease. Proper meditation and
Counseling is very important because depression
cause suicidal thoughts. Some people say medicines
are not necessary but encourage the person to see a mental
professional and if doctor prescribes medication, make sure to take
It as directed.
 Continue……
5) Teach your Children to accept Failure:
• It is very important to teacher your children to accept
Failure and taught them that failure is not a bad thing.
It’s a part of life. Be grateful for what you have in life.

 Remedies:
 Encourage positive lifestyle changes such as healthy diet, plenty of sleep
and getting out in sun and into nature for 30 minutes each day.
 Exercise is also extremely important. It relieves stress.
 Remove potential means of suicide such as pills, knives, firearms.
 Continue your support even if suicidal crisis has passed. And stay in
contact with person’s doctor. Your support is vital to ensure your loved
one remains on the recovery path.